ENDO II NEET MDS 2024 INICET MDS Quick Revision WE ARE WITH YOU - TEAM MDSCONQUER

yeah having us uh this is dr srikant from team mds conquer so now we'll be discussing few important concepts of ender so let's start in the quick revision without wasting any time okay the first important aspect is the length of the working area of instruments in ender so normally the length of the working areas in instruments in indo is going to be 16 millimeters means whatever may be the length of the file for example you have files of 21 millimeters you have files of 24 millimeters you have files of 28 millimeters whatever may be the length of the file the working area will be only 16 millimeters means the area which comes in contact with the instrumentation everything will be 16 millimeters per files reamers and most of the instruments in android and you need to make a note about the dg16 explorer that is endodontic explorer where dz is nothing but called as david green 16 is nothing but the working area is again 16 millimeters here okay think next one is active gp active gp is nothing but gic coated gp okay so active gp is nothing but a gic ported gp and one more important thing anything which activates the gatta pacha which makes it more useful is also called as active gp but better to go with gic coated even calcium hydroxide coated gp is also called as active gp even chlor accident coated gp is also called as activity so we'll just make a note about the calcium hydroxide ph of calcium hydroxide ranges from 10 to 11 and calcium hydroxide was introduced into endo by hermann whereas the percentage of chloroxylation used in indo is two percentages whereas the amount of chlorexin used in period that is the amount of chloroxylamine used in the mouthwashes is 0.12 percentage if you don't find 0.12 percentage then the better option is going to be 0.2 percentage indoor 2 percent is perio 0.12 or 0.2 percentage jumping into the next part i'm talking about the nerves in dental pulp okay so if you talk about the nerves in dental pulp dental pulp has a a delta c fibers and a beta a beta are less in number but a beta are also present okay right so it is a delta a delta are present in the periphery c fibers are present in the core c fibers are present in the center c fibers are unmyelinated fibers whereas a delta and beta fibers are myelinated fibers whenever you give la the first fibers which which get anesthetized by alia is unmalnet fibers those c fibers so next we are talking about the uh pulpal pressure so when i'm talking about the purple pressure so normal pulpal pressure is 5 to 10 milligrams millimeters of hg or you can consider it as 10 to 15 centimeters of water if you are comparing with water it is 10 to 15 centimeters if you are comparing with hd it is 5 to 10 millimeters of hd which is almost equal to the portal pressure the portal pressure is also the same that is five to ten millimeters of energy or ten to fifteen centimeters of saline or water okay next important thing that you have to make you notice irreversible bulbatis irreversible reversible palpations okay so reversible pulpit is it is 13.5 millimeters of energy irreversible pulpit is it is 34.5 millimeters of each next one is root intersection okay now when you are preparing the root end in the case of your micro surgery okay or in the case of endodontic surgery so traditional endodontics it is 45 degrees angle whereas in the modern endodontics it is 0 to 10 degrees angle the basic reason for modifying 45 degrees to 10 degrees is lesser exposure lesser exposure of the dentinal tubules in 45 degrees angle you will have more exposure of dentinal chemicals more chances of free infection whereas in zero to 10 degrees lesser exposure of the tentatives number of dental algebras are exposed is less less in number of dental tubules exposed so that's going to be an advantage that is the reason why it was dropped down to 0 to 10 degrees in modern endodontics when compared with the traditional anaerobics but do make a note about riddle solution riddle solution uh first of all the main advantage of riddle solution it helps in identifying the missed canals it helps in identifying the accessory channels and everything because and that too on a radiograph because basically this solution has a radio opaque material okay so this radio opaque material helps in identifying the extra things which are being missed with the help of multiple radiographs basically the solution consists of seven percentage of edta five percentages of nervous here and a radio back material next one is tip angle in endo tip angle in endo is 75 degrees plus or minus 15 degrees next one is glass bead sterilizer so glass bit silence is a type of it's a type of dry heat okay so it's type of dry heat your power points and most of the things will be sterilized by glass bit sterilizer do make a note of the temperature of glass bit that is 425 to 475 degrees fahrenheit and 218 to 248 degree centigrade see whether they are giving a temperature based question on foreign heat or centigrade and most of the situations they are going to give centigrade for an indian exams for example if you are preparing for imbd or any other exams it will be probable in the foreign but before attempting the question related to the temperatures make sure you just see which units are being given so regular temperature of contact contact temperature we maintain is 15 seconds 5 seconds 5 seconds is the regular one that is most commonly used for files and rumors 10 seconds is used for power points and 15 seconds is used for bursts and do make a note in the sterilization aspect particularly auto clip contact period is very very important autoclave regularly 121 degree centigrade 15 lbs and 15 minutes okay contact period is 15 minutes or whenever the temperature is being increased particularly in the case of autoclave you have something called as flash sterilization of autograph where you are going to increase the temperature that is 134 degree centigrade the time contact period now will be three minutes and the pressure will be more that is 30 lbs okay that is 130 for 3 minutes and 30 lbs whereas the normal autoclave temperature is 1 21 degree centigrade 15 lbs and 15 minutes and do make a note of these two temperatures which are very very important right so next one is of course we have discussed this so many times that is the classification of instrument damage so whenever repeatedly doing the biomechanical preparation with the same instrument so upon microscopic examination you can clearly find the instrument damage which is being classed into six classes so whenever there is a bend in the instrument that is class one class two is straightening of the twisted flutes normally fluids will be twisted so whenever the twisted fluids are being striped that is class two peeling of the metal at the blade edges is class three clockwise twist is called as class four and uh clocking of the instrument along its long axis is called as classified and full fracture of the instrument complete factor the instrument is called as classics and do make a note this is something new but you can go back and check your pp books okay and diagram based question is also very common if you don't have people books you can use google and check this particular classification a question can be predicted from this area of course point number 11 was already given in the recent need examination that is scientists or a bubble test basically the solution is used this neigh was here and the purpose of this test is identification of a misconception whenever the bubbles are going to come you assume or predict that there is a vital pulp which is not being removed and and you are going to find a misconception okay uh what what are the internal measurement of choice in the case of your weeping cannons weeping kernels are nothing but canals where there is a constant discharge of the bus those are called as beeping generals in such cases you have to keep calcium hydroxide as a dressing material next we need to talk about machine solution so making solution basically consisting of five parts of 36 percentage of nacl and five parts of 30 percent is of h2o2 30 percent is a phase 2 32 35 percent is of h2o it is called as superoxide we are very familiar okay so proxy is basically 30 to 35 percentage of h2o2 by weight or 100 days of oxygen by volume means 30 to 35 percentage of h2o2 by weight is going to release 100 days of oxygen by volume and it contains one part of 0.2 percentage of ether which is basically used to remove the debris whereas after few days the microsolution is being modified in which 36 percentage of hcl is being replaced by is being replaced by 20 days of naoh and there is one more important thing that you have to make a note about is micro aberration micro aberration regularly we use 18 percent of hcl okay that is being modified to eleven percent is okay that's being modified to eleven percentage of hcl by crawl okay crawl has been modified it from eighteen percent is initial to the eleven percentage because eleven percent is was again a question that is given in 2018 need to make a note 18 percentage option is also there as it is being modified and it is being advanced the percentage is being decreased from 18 to 11 so it's better to go with 11 percent as an answer rather than 18 next one is wavelength of pulse oximetry so we are very familiar that pulse oximetry is very familiarly used in the fobit 19. and apart from this pulse oximetry is one of the vitality procedure which is very very familiar okay the next vitality procedure uh which is very very important is lazer tripler flow meter so pulse oximetry helps in determining the oxygen saturation levels of the pump right so pulse oximeter has a wavelength you have to make a node that is 660 nanometers and 940 nanometers two wavelengths you have to remember next is beans root canal modification is a very familiar question that is frequently asked in the exams type one is one one type two is two one type three is two two type four is one two do make around this very important and later it's being modified by vertices which has divided into eight that is one one two one one two one two two one two two one two one two one two and three and three three and three is eight you need to make a note about the fish zones that you can remember with i c i s okay that is nothing but i c i s i for infection c for contamination i for irritation as for stimulation and i hope you remember all these diagrams which i have discussed vigorously when we are taking the regular classes and the predominant cells in the case of infection zone are polymorph nucleosides and its center zone and contamination you have more lymphocytes or you can they can ask your round cells are more predominant in contamination zone irritation zone you have class macrophages okay and it is clinically more significant okay and cholesterol crystals are also seen this is clinically more significant zone is irritation zone of course stimulation zone you have blush cells means make a note the healing always takes from periphery to the center whereas the infection spreads from center to the peripheral centre means infection zone it's most to the periphery stimulation whereas healing whenever the root canal therapy is done the healing starts from the periphery zone that is the stimulation and it moves to the center and next one 19 19 point i will be talking about forms of gut apache so gut apache normally available in the department will be beta firm whenever this beta form is being heated it will be converted into alpha form whenever it is overheated uncontrolled heating it is going to convert it into gamma gamma form is the most unstable form most useless form whereas beta form is most commonly used in the lateral condensation technique alpha form is most commonly used in the techniques where the heat is used thermomechanical vertical compaction all these techniques we use alpha form basically beta form is going to convert into alpha form in and around temperature like 56 to 64 degrees centigrade okay right and i hope uh most of these points were already covered in your classes in the pp books if time permits please go back and have a glance if you are not clear with this and 20th question is a very familiar question repeated so many times in need in ironic cd two canal configuration the mandible are in scissors is seen around in around 41.4 percentage of cases mb2 is again a familiar question mb2 percentage in the case of maxillary first molar in the microscope not to the naked eye in the microscope is around 95 percentages of cases so i don't want to discuss much about daily classification in this classification type 1 type 2 type 3 are very familiar animal animal dentin and i'm identity and pulp type 4 is non-vital type 5 is evolution okay evolution sorry type six is a fracture of the root fracture type seven is the displacement of the teeth type eight is crown and fracture and type nine is any sort of damage related to the primary tip working length method of determining the case of open apex cases or blunderbuss channels is by using the powerpoints and do make it not already discussed paper points is still list by what method yes it is dry heat stimulation method that's nothing but called as paper points and root canal irrigation solution showing allergic reactions is potassium iodide as well as chlorexit both options are there better to go with potassium iodide as the best option 25 pi index periapical index which is taken on the radiograph so the grade one is the normal periapical area grade two is a smaller changes grade three is changes with mineral loss grade four is periodontitis with radial lucent areas grade five is severe periodontitis with revolutionaries so