NEET MDS 2020 RECALL PART 3 COMMUNITY

hi vanessa this is dr sri kant from team mds conquer now i'm back here to continue mds conquer neet 2020 recall so the subject of discussion is going to be community so the question number one a group of four to eight experts discussing about oral health to prevent dental caries in front of a community what type of communication or discussion it is hope you learn this different types of discussions that is the panel discussion the group discussion the symposium role playing or social or social drama okay so before going into the right answer we learn few important aspects so first of all we'll learn about what is symposium symposium is generally what you regularly encounter in your pg life okay so once you start your pg they're going to keep some symposiums what is actually the symposium symposium is is they go they're going to give a single topic a topic and a series of students or the speakers are going to discuss on the same topic so all the sessions are going to be like five or six sessions are are going to be on the same topic and and the speakers are going to brief their point of view related to the particular topic and there is no discussion among the speakers but at the end at the end the the consent person okay the the consent person is going to come out with the conclusion and summary okay so in the end the audience which are which are around them they can ask few questions related to this okay so this is all about symposium symposiums are regularly done on a single topic the speakers are going to discuss the next thing is the group discussion and most of you are well familiar with the group discussion so in this diagram you can see most of the people are they they their position the chair positions are in circle okay so a group a group is an aggregation of the people interacting in face to face situation and the maximum size of a group should not be more than well the range is 6 to 12 so it's an important question again okay the process of identifying the problems and they have to find a solution to the problem and the participants in this they sit in the circle position you can clearly appreciate that in the diagram and there will be a leader for this the group leader who is going to initiate the subject or who is going to describe what are the concerns or the what are the solutions what the what are the questions for which you have to get the solutions uh by which and he always encourages uh uh like encourages everyone to participate uh in that particular session and the main disadvantage is unequal participation few people who who react react or involve more in the more in this group discussion and few people they will be skipped or they will be ignored in the discussion so that's the main disadvantage of a group discussion but the concern so the points to be noted is the effective size the effective size is going to be six and it ranges to maximum 12 okay and i mean like what what is the leader is going to do okay the functions of the leader is going to initiate the subject or prevent the side conversations among the among the group mates and always encourages each and every one to be a part of this the main disadvantage you have to make a note about the disadvantage they can ask the disadvantage related to the group discussion the next one is panel okay so these are the lines which are taken directly from your shop and peter and the question is being prepared in such a way okay so the line first line from shop and peter clearly says that a panel discussion is a panel means something like a group of four to eight experts sit and discuss in front of the audience okay so they are going to sit and discuss in front of the audience the audience are allowed to question allowed to ask ask different questions and the chairperson sum ups the different views from the different people so it's an experts panel of four to eight sit in front of the audience and they are going to discuss about the particular topic from their view point of view okay so this is a question that is given the answer for this question is panel discussion and last but not the least is role playing or social drama okay and this diagram is related to the show show drama okay so the size of the audience or the content should be 25 around 25 the audience should take active part by suggesting the alternative solutions and even taking part in the drama okay and this type of communication is more effective so please do add this key point that is it is more effective and whatever this this is a diagram based question of puppet show puppet shows are generally ah they are more familiar in the villages and this this is a type of social drama and this is most useful in the children health education so please do add or highlight this particular point okay this is more effective and useful in children health education so the answer for this particular question which is given in the need the answer is panel discussions so going to the next question the the process of investigating the healthy individuals with the objective of detecting the with the objective of detecting the unrecognized diseases or its precursors in order to take the preventive measurements or delay the development of disease or to make the prognosis better is termed as okay so it's termed as this a this is a definition of screening okay the answer is screening is a simple definition of screening screening is the is a process purposefully you are going to identify the unrecognized individuals or undiagnosed clinically undiagnosed individuals by which you are going to identify the screening so screening is useful for prevention screening is useful to make your treatment or your therapy more effective and the screening is used to make your prognosis more effective so when you're talking about screening this is a wh definition that is taken from the textbook so just for your academic purpose you can add add a note of this which is almost same as the question that is given in the neet okay so just just just read it off and just try to understand it's almost the same the definition but screening the main useful uses of screening is screening helps in identifying the risk factor identifying the genetic origin of the disease if the disease is genetic coercion identify the precursors or the ethiology and helps in early detection so when you detect the disease early your treatment can be more effective and your prognosis can be better and better okay so and coming to the screenings the medical screenings are categorized into three types that is mass screening where enter population is screened and multi or multiphase screening okay which involves the use of various screening tests in a sequence manner it's almost like your multi-phase sampling technique so one level to next level for example if you are planning to identify a person or a group of people who are having uh the tb the tb the first thing what you need to do is first of all you need to see the clinical features so once you collect the people who are having the clinical futures then you are going to have some basic tests okay some some some basic test which helps in identifying few people then you are going to move to the next level okay so this is how you can you can move to the basic test to the high-end test and this is done in a multi-phase only in a particular group of people who moves from one phase to other phase means once their test was positive only the positive tested people will will be going to the next level okay that is called as multi-phase or multiple screening and next one is prescriptive screening technique okay this aims in early detection of specific disease that can be controlled better which is which is specific to a specific individual okay so these are the different types of screenings better to make a note rather than rather than leaving this because the question was basically moves around the simple definition of screening which is a most commonly uncounted question the next comes okay this is a i mean like this is a ah like study related question okay which is already discussed you can go back and check your cohort and the case control study which is there on the youtube channel okay you can just check it off but the question is very simple a group of pregnant females who were selected from the population and their follow-up ok so you have done a follow-up to evaluate the risk of development of anemia so you have taken the pregnant woman okay then you kept them under follow up for nine months that is the pregnancy period nine months and then you have tested whether they have got enemy or not so you are moving forward so what is forward moving study forward moving studies the simple cohort study okay so it's not case control okay ah okay both options are eliminated so you have to go for coherent study okay you have two options related to the coherent study but you clearly know that coherent study is a prospective study which is moving forward your whereas your case control is a retro prospective study which is moving backwards so it is a prospect to cohab study the answer is b for this particular question if you want to have a good details of the differences between the case control cohart or the examples related to the dentist and everything you can just go back uh to the to our youtube channel okay click your case control and cohort study okay you will get it you finish the video and probably i'll try my best to post the links of the video in the description the next question most on the sampling technique okay so i mean like there is a video related to the sampling technique also okay the sample and sampling technique a video of 15 minutes please go and and please try to finish that okay but it's a very simple question if we need to select 10 students from a class of 100 what is the best technique of choice it's very simple like if you know the meanings of all the four options which are given in the question it's very simple the answer is systemic sampling technique okay the answer is b and uh i i'll i'll try to explain it uh with with examples over here okay so stratified sampling technique is very simple like you are going to take a sample of 100 ok similarly i am going to tell you for a school so in which you are going to divide the students into different different groups okay for example people on different colonies for example a school has ah surrounding ten colonies and students are from the ten colonies so you're going to divide the students on ten colonies once one colony will have five or six fifteen twenty something like that all the ten colonies and you're going to select a particular group of individuals from each colony two from here one from here something like that so this is called as you are going to divide them into subgroups then you are going to do the random sampling technique that is called as stratified you are going to divide them into straya the next one is cluster cluster is very simple first of all you are going to divide the people into cluster same example i am going to give for people of different colonies 10 colonies you got in the previous study in the previous study what is that stratified you have selected the individuals in each colony but here you are going to select the colony entire colony you are going to take the sample from entire column means here the sample is cluster means group of people here it is the sample is random means only one individual here it is one person from each cluster or few persons from each cluster here entire cluster is taken entire cluster is taken okay and of course you know the meaning of convenience sampling convenience sampling is something called as accidental sampling means basing upon your convenience you have selected few people like for example if i am doing a study i am more convenient if i if i take people who are more convenient to me for example i love to take my own students in the study so that they will hear my words or they will be under my control so that is what my convenience is so that is called as convenience sampling so very simple just by knowing the uh like the terms you can easily answer this question the answer is b for this question b okay so next question is of course once again you have encountered a very simple question that is uh the association between the iodine and god is an example of okay so what is basically what is association the first thing you have to make a note what is association association means a connection between two factors okay one factor how it is connected to the second factor so a simple definition says that it is the co-occurrence of two variables definition according to textbook is it's a co-occurrence of two variables right so there are three types of associations type one type two and type three type one is suspicious association type two is indirect association type three is direct association in this direct association again you have two types one is one and one association second one is multi-factorial association i am going to give example suspicious association means it starts with letter s okay it start with letter s suspicious association means you are suspecting but it may not be true it is not true but without any knowledge you are suspecting for example previously in the old era like 20 years back we have a a norm that when you give birth to a baby in the hospital the death rate will be more when compared to the birth in the home so it's a it's a norm okay but it's not true logically to speak the death rate will be more when you give birth in the home but they have a norm that they have some suspection which is not true okay so that is called as suspicious association which is not real which is not real or not true the second one is indirect association means if the the causative organism is not the primary agent which is responsible for the occurrence of disease but further like further like as investigation goes on and progress and progress you you come to a conclusion that this factor may also have an indirect effect on the occurrence of a disease means it is indirect not directly associated but it is going to cause disease so it is indirectly going to cause a disease so that is called as indirect association i am going to give an example for example if you talk about the same example the people are living in high altitude high altitude and people the high altitude people will get brighter but it's not directly association indirectly it is indirect association what is directly associated for occurrence of god that is iron deficient sorry iodine deficient iodine deficient is a direct cause but indirectly your high altitude may cause goiter that is this is an example of indirect association okay so coming to the direct association one and one one and one means only one agent is responsible for occurrence of a disease for example if you take a particular bacteria okay that is hiv hiv is caused by hiv virus only yes right so it is one and one association its one and one association for example if you take multifactorial care is kerys is a multifactorial disease which depends upon many factors so caries association is not a single one-to-one it is a multi-factorial association and similarly you can take your hypertension or cardiac problems most of the cardiac problems are related to obesity your lifestyle your food habits and all these are called as multifactorial association ok right so i am going to give one good example ok which is given in the examination your iodine deficient irritant deficient is going to cause goit and this may lead to thyroid adenoma ok so the association between these two is direct for example if they are giving an option what is the association between iodine deficient and thyroid adenoma is indirect because it is going to cause gaud and the goit male leads to thyroid adenoma okay so the association between iodine and this is indirect whereas the association with identities direct so the answer is direct association it has a direct association hope you are clear with this three types of associations and the definition of association and make sure you learn some good examples so one to one are mostly measles is going to cause measles disease okay so i mean like that that is one-to-one association right direct the next one again most commonly discussed regularly discussed in the classes in a class of 100 students if the ranks are given basing upon their annual performance from rank 1 they are telling ranks ranks means one two positions some gradings better is grading is a better word for this grading means you are giving rank one rank two is a grade ok its not percentage if they are giving percentage it is going to be different like for example out of 600 or will take your neet exam into consideration out of 960 how many marks you got okay how many marks you got that is number that is different corresponding to that number they are giving rank or they are giving grade okay so what type of so first of all learn what are what is what what are the different skills ok i hope most of you are familiar with this ok the different scales are the first one is nominal scale so what is nominal scale there will be no specific order for this specific order for this skill okay so regularly what we do okay male or female okay or boys or girls or or like what is from which country you are all these questions are called as nominal skills they don't have a specific order the second one is ordinal so ordinal has ordinal is also qualitative nominal is qualitative right nominal is qualitative ordinal also qualitative okay but this has order specific order for example if you take tnm classification it has grading it is called as grading people of a classroom are divided into grades a grade b grade secret people of a classroom are divided into ranks one first rank second rank third rank fourth rank and similarly like if you take the severity of a disease hemophilia you have severity of a disease very severe or your hypovolemic shock you have different severities so all these severities are going to come into this ordinal scale then the third one is you have to make another third one is metric scale metric scale is a number okay hemoglobin percentage temperature of an individual marks of a person in the examination all these are metric skills so again in this metric skills you have two types of skill one is interval skill and second one is rational skill so interval scale is very simple that it doesn't have absolute zero value no absolute absolute zero value and no ratios are used the best example is temperature in centigrade and temperature in foreign heat you don't have 0 degrees centigrade you have 0 degrees kelvin but you don't have 0 degree centigrade 0 degrees fahrenheit so there is no absolute zero value and this cannot be this cannot be used as a ratio ok whereas your your relation is you will have absolute zero value and you have ratios the examples are your hb your temperature in kelvin will come under this category okay and your marks will come under this category right so these are the other types okay so make a note about the different skills which are very very important in your examination point of view the next comes of course this is just an extension of the screening what we have discussed examination using a tongue depressor or available illumination source comes under which type simple the answer is type four we are going to discuss all these types okay coming to the type one type one is called as complete examination where you are going to use a mouth mirror explorer light radiographs percussion palpation test pulp vitality study model lab test everything you use everything and coming to the point to be noted this is not often used in the public health it is regularly used in the diagnosis of a particular disease in a well a cubed clinic or a well-equipped college and the second one is the type 2 is the limited limited type 2 is the limited examination type 2 is the limited examination that is your mouth mirror explorer adequate light and the posterior bite wings are used this is of greater importance in the public health programs combined with service to the individual patient who is at a particular risk type 3 is inspection examination where these three are used and make a node this is the most commonly used in the public health sector and i hope you remember this type 4 what we used to do this is called a screening what we used to do in your public health programs once you go out to a particular village what you do you use a tongue depressor available light over there and you are going to check the patient by giving the individuals who really require the treatment okay so make a note but this is too unreliable for the public health survey so basically we have to the most commonly used or the preferable thing that to be used is type three but the question is very simple tongue depressant and available light are most commonly used in which type that is screening that is type 4 the next question is very very simple question okay i mean like most commonly encountered in your basic mcq books and regularly we discuss it what is the particular phenomenon chalking of phenomenon okay so what is this like whenever you apply hf so whenever you play hf the tooth has the maximum content called as hydroxyapatite this hydroxyapatite has calcium in it so what happens this fluoride is going to react with the calcium to form caf so this caf is so resistance so resistance and it forms a reservoir reservoir over the outer surface of the teeth so for example if you take this as a ok as your teeth so whenever you apply the tropical fluoride this cf is formed on the outer surface like this for example the red colour is cf and it forms as a reservoir of cf which makes very resistance and does not permit any further fluoride to come inside the fluoride this red colour is something that is going to act as a barrier and will not allow the fluoride the green color fluoride to enter in so this is what is chalking of phenomenon it is very predominant and common with n f ok so n f is the answer c is the answer for this question but how you can overcome this how you can overcome this very simple so that is the reason why whenever you apply naf you have to wait for four minutes to dry off so when it dry off what happens it's going to dissolve in the oral fluids this gf is going to dissolve in the oral fluids and this will be this red color area will be removed okay and the fluoride outside will be entering inside so this is what chalking of phenomenon how it what precautions we have to take to this take take to avoid this and of course the second important area is it is most familiar common with naf the next question of course a very easy question for most of the final year students because this is one of the important exercise in your final year community examination practical so according to the cp cpitn index if the pocket is four to five millimeters what should be the treatment done okay so this is the question the answer is scaling and root planning the answer is c will discuss so before going in detail we have to learn what is the cptn problem most of you are well familiar with this cptn probe but cptn probe is basically of two types one is epidermology and second one is clinical uses clinical uses will have more markings clinical uses will have more markings here you can see more markings and the epidermology usage will have less markings so what are the markings for the epidermology you will have markings only at these two markings that is 3.5 to 5.5 is the marking that is present and the ball is 0.5 millimeters diameter and the weight of this is five grams the weight of w h o probe is five grams ah the other names is it is called as ball and probe because it has a ball at the end they can ask you the diameter of this ball and probe that is 0.5 millimeters and this is also called as trs 621 probe this question was already asked me know this is also called as trs 621 pro so this is e pro okay so what is c probe clinical uses probe will have more markings apart from 3 to 5 it has 8.5 and 11.5 markings also ok it has 0.5 3.5 5.5 8.5 and 11.5 markings so that is the difference between the clinical proof clinical probe is used in the clinical scenarios epidermal logical probe e probe is used in the epidemiological scenarios when you are testing more population next goes okay so go back and just please try to read everything which is given in the show and peter i am just focusing more on the codes and the treatments okay so what what is the coding so you have a different coding that is x 4 3 2 1 0 very simple 0 is no signs of disease one is gingival bleeding two is presence of calculus three is pocket of four to five millimeters so normally you will have a normal range is two to three millimeters pocket will be there right so if they are asking period related question what is the histological depth of the pocket sorry so what is the histological depth of the pocket means it is 1.8 millimeters ideally in a healthy individual in a healthy ginger what is the depth of the pocket healthy healthy what is the depth of the pocket zero millimeters clinical probing range is two to three millimeters so if it is 4.5 millimeters or when the gingival margin is on the black area of the probe when you're comparing the probe anything is same okay that coding is three and if it is more than six or the black area of the cpi tn probe is not at all visible then the coding is more than six if when only one teeth or no teeth are present in a particular six set okay or the third molars are excluded or excluded unless they are functional in the place of second molars then you are going to see x c x is not that important whereas your all these 4 3 2 1 and 0 are important so basing upon these codes you have to plan your treatment that is called as tn so what are the tns tn0 is for code 0 or codex there is no need of any treatment cn tn1 is code 1 that is you have to advise the patient to improve their personal oral hygiene 2a is code 2 where you have to advise scaling plus personal hygiene 2b is code 3 scaling and root planning plus personal hygiene so they have asked a question on code 3 that is they have given the value is four to five millimeters means which is reflects the answer as code three so what is the treatment for code three code three is scaling and rooting t3 tn3 is code 4 where you have to go for a complex treatment apart from improving the scaling that is complex treatment needs nothing but you have to go for flap surgery or some surgical procedure plus scaling plus root planning clear so the question is four to five millimeters so the answer is scaling and repelling if the question if the option is given as more than six millimeters then the answer is going to be the code four or treatment treatment required three that is called as complex treatment and of apart from improving the oral hyster okay the next question according to stefan's curve the ph above which remineralization occurs so if you take rimerization demineralization cycle so this is demineralization red color and this is remineralization green color so the ph above which the ph above which the demineralization will occur so it it moves around 5.2 to 5.5 five point two to five point five is nothing but is a critical ph so below five point two to five point five demilitation occurs above five point two to five point five remineralization occurs ok so the value should be somewhere near to 5.2 to 5.5 the only one option is that the answer is c so you have to make a note the critical ph is 5.2 to 5.5 and the critical period is 10 to 40 minutes so mostly uh after after a period of one hour or 60 minutes it drops to the original ph what is the normal ph is 6.7 to 7.2 so this is the question which is a normal basic question when they ask the same teeth or tooth which is treated with fluoride so whenever teeth is treated with fluoride it forms hydro flora apatite or fluoro hydroxyapatite okay so fluoro hydroxyapatite has a lesser critical ph so normal critical ph is 5.2 to 5.5 so fluorohydroxyapatitic critical ph is 4.2 to 4.5 so they can ask critical ph of enamel so regularly when whenever they do not mention the outermost surface of tooth or teeth is enamel so we consider it as enamel 5.2 to 5.5 or when when they ask dentin dentin is six point two to six point five they are cementum cementum is seven point two to seven point five so it's just jumping fluoride treated is four point two to four point five enamel normal is five point two to five point five dentin is six point eight to six point five cementum is seven point two to seven point five it's very easy to remember and just make a note about these studies and evidence based things which are related to dental caries and uh uh the most commonly as already we have covered this in our power play books the study is covered the study is covered the study is covered the study is covered this is covered so this is very very important text book reference and i want everyone to finish this off at any cost okay very very important they can ask questions over this area again the next question is on dental care so dental caries is of course you know that the most common disease in dentistry is dental caries and of course they will ask a decent number of questions on this on this topic or on this disease and i want everyone to just try to focus try to learn as much as related to the dental caries apart from the basics what you have related to this so the question is most sensitive okay so it's a direct line taken from the book so the most sensitive is surface okay it's not the wood it is surface index is the most sensitive so i'm trying to collect all the indices uh related to the dental caries uh okay i'm going to post a notes poster notes preferably as soon as possible so we started collecting the things and we'll be posting on it as a reference source so please try to finish that pdf which is going to be posted on the group very soon okay so this is all for now related to the community part of neet 2020 so this is our ins this is our telegram pace okay the link will be shared in the description if you want you can be a part of this this is our instagram page mds conquer underscore nbd conquer ok where we are going to discuss the diagram based stuff and everything make sure you try to follow this and of course we are planning to have a free all india mock examination uh like the date will be announced very soon and we are going to give a free e-booklet okay and make sure you drop your email address in the comment box to get the booklet in the month of november you are love learning with team mds conker signing off dr srikanth