Viral Infections - Rest All

hi everyone this is dr. Madhuri today we'll discuss about few important viral infections like herpangina hand foot mouth disease measles German measles mumps and acute limb for nordella pharyngitis if you go into the first infection with herpangina this herpangina will present with the most important manifestation means it is also called as an abscess pharyngitis or a vesicular pharyngitis so this is caused by a Coxsackie group of viruses like types one two six eight ten or twenty two and this is number is very important and other eco viruses like nine sixteen and seventeen can cause happen china and india virus number 71 is also a theological factor for the head Pangea the transmission of this herpangina maybe because of ingestion or a direct contact or a droplet spread and it is mostly a summer disease and mostly occurs in many children clinical features include it mostly incubation period is of two to ten days this mostly starts or begins with a sore throat cough rhinorrhea there is be a low-grade fever and headache and then afterwards there is a formation of small vesicles which ruptures and forms analysis and these ulcers show a grey base and a inflamed periphery on the anterior portion pillars so you can see in the picture here showing the Passaic I mean ulcers on the on anterior for shield penis and even it can involve zero fanning soft palate and uvula so these ulcers are not extremely painful but the patient may complains of dysphasia and they can be healed within a period of seven to ten days treatments is mostly with their corticosteroids in the low doses it reduces the inflammation and pain another six for three to six days to reduce the pain and there will be of use of antiseptic mouthwashes and you have to remember that patient is advised to take a soft food then the second infection is a hand foot and mouth disease the theology of viruses may be Coxsackie a virus number 16 less frequently with a 5 9 and 10 eco virus number 11 and enterovirus number 71 these are the theological factors were hand foot and mouth disease and this virus infection is also most commonly in children you can see a maculopapular rash and which then there will be formation of vesicular lesions on the skin and mostly involves in the hand feet legs and arms and the patient may exhibit all prodromal symptoms oral manifestations it will be of sore mother we can see the sole mouth and because of there will be of small multiple and vesicular and serrated lesions in the oral cavity the common sites for this oral manifestations are hard palate tongue and buccal mucosa and even in this condition you can see the tongue will become very red and edematous so in laboratory findings you can see the intracytoplasmic viral inclusions and this viral isolates can be obtained whether from a rectal or a throat sprats which show for the vesicular fluid and there will be of arise in acute or convalescent serum antibody titer to Coggs a key a 16 treatment you have to give that symptomatic treatment here because the patient will have a senior pain that affected pay a patient should stay in the bed for a 3 to 4 days and there is no specific antiviral therapy but the thing is you have to give a supportive care like nutrient supplements along with the hydration therapy antipyretics for a subsiding of fever and this disease is self-limiting that means it will subside within a period of one week to 14 days then coming to acute limb for Nordahl or pharyngitis here the etiology for this thing is coxsackievirus 8 incubation is of two to ten days and it most commonly seen in children and in adults and here their elevation of temperature will be of very more where you'll see a hundred degree foreign heat or not fire degree foreign aid fever you can be see here and the symptomatic course of that means that symptoms may be last for four to fourteen days under this local oral lesions will heal in the period of six to ten days but even that Edyta mccann be seen for the seven several days these are the oral manifestations where you can see end rays to discrete and whitish solid papules surrounded by the erythema and usually lesions are not vesicular here and so they do not ulcer it and mostly the lesions occur on uvula soft palate anterior pillars and posterior oropharynx in histopathological features you can see a papal certain audience which can say consists of a hyperplastic lymphoid aggregates and intranuclear inclusion bodies and treatment and there is no treatment required here because this disease is mostly a self-limiting descent disease coming to the next infection mazes it is also called as a ruby olla this is very important name you make you should not confuse with the german measles or a rubella and here this is also a acute and contagious infection etiology is with the paramyxovirus this is a RNA virus incubation is of a two to one days transmission is mostly through respiratory secretions or in direct contact of droplets in the clinical features there will be of mostly they arise during the spring seasons and individuals will be of infectious from two days before becoming the symptomatic until four days and there will be of associated with the rash and this virus is mostly associated with lymphoid hyperplasia so then as lymphoid tissue is involved so in all sides are like tonsils and adenoids and you can see the Giants and in generation in various tissues along with vasculitis so these two are responsible for the characteristic rash there are of three strains of infection here which each stays last for about three days so there will be a fail it designates that the measles will last about for a period of nine days and first three days are dominated by three C's that means you'll have a chorus ah that is runny nose cough and conductivities and fever will be accompanied with these symptoms and during the initial stage you will see a important characteristic feature is complex pots and this complex on spots there are multiple areas of mucosal edema which can be seen on buccal and labial mucosa and even this in this thing you'll see a small number of small blue white modules in the second stage even the fever continues but this complex pots get faded away and a maculopapular and erythematous rash begins so phase is involved first here that is in the second stage within which eventual downfall kind extremities and here you can see a diffuse maculopapular eruption and they will tend to blanch on pressure third stage fever ends and even that maculopapular rash begins to fade away and they there will be of that with the rash is replaced by a brown pigment restaining and common complications in children there will be of a otitis media or a pneumonia or a persistent bronchitis and diarrhea if there is delayed complication term there will be of a subacute sclerosing parents of lightness which arises a day late Loven years after the initial infection this is very important so this degenerative disorder of CNS will cause personality changes ceases coma death if you go into the histological features there will initially complex spots are of areas of focal hyper para keratosis and number of nuclei within the Zayn's ranges from three to more than 25 which our callers worked in fine kill a giant cells this is very important and if you go into the close examination of epithelial cells it caused it we can see a pink staining inclusions in the nuclear are a less common in the cytoplasm so mostly intron site of intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies can be seen treatment is mostly by fluids and non-aspirin antipyretics as they cause race syndrome and other any me know compromised patients we can use rebuffering immunoglobin interferon and vitamin a and even a vaccine is there to prevent this viral infection so next infection is rubella or German measles and this is a mild viral illness with a it produced by a virus which belongs to toca virus and genus is Ruby virus and here this will I mean this is very important because this infection have a capacity to induce birth develop birth defects in the developing fetus an incubation period may be of 14 to 21 days and it is contagious from one week before the exam time and after the develop and five days after the development of rush and this line finds with congenital infection may releases the virus even for up to a period of one year clinical features mostly they are asymptomatic and frequency of the symptoms will be of greater than a doll essence so prodromal symptoms can be seen here before example and along with lymph adenopathy of sub-recipient if not supposed to articular a cervical chains and the first sign of infection is a eggs and tomatoes rash here it mostly begins on the face and neck where it spreads entire body within it readings and even it exhibits a facial clearing before the rash spreads and this rash will be resolved in three days so the classic tired of congenital rubella syndrome is deafness heart disease and cataracts it is very important oral manifestations this characteristic thing is like for Seamus sign they are nothing but small discreet or a dark red pebbles which mostly present on the soft palate and then here this example rash usually become evident in a boat of six hours of time after the first symptom treatment is off with where it is not needed necessary but you can use non aspirin antibiotics and antipyretic medications and the passive immunity can be given with the human rebel Lima no no villain there will be of a to scare to those vaccinations can deal with this MMR vaccine and it should be recommended then if you go into the mums this is also called as an epidemic parotitis mostly with the acute contagious viral infection and you'll see a bilateral swelling of the parotid gland and even it may involve the meninges pancreas and go nuts and the childhood is of four to six years whereas in incubation period two to three weeks the transmission is mostly with the respiratory route pathogens is because once it is transmitted to droplet nuclear saliva it will starts replicating in the respiratory epithelium then it's blood spreads to the local lymph nodes and if you see the affected area there is a very vascular and interstitial mono nuclear cell infiltrates and even there will be of necrosis of asana and Athenian duct cells even seen in the saliva glands so this occurs mostly in the children between the ages of four to six years and there will be of enlargement of the salivary gland with preauricular pain fever malaise headache and myalgia mostly in 10% of cases only in one the submandibular glands and there will there is the enlargement and is sadder and there is a painful thing on palpation and that swelling may be of robbery or a elastic and it will elevate them here which lasts for about one week I neither pain and um darkness is seen during the rapid phase of the parotid enlargement and here there will be offered in celebrate that are an inflammation but without a purulent discharge and once the gland may occur it may become symptomatic within a period of 24 to 48 hours and usually bilateral swelling can be seen which is approximately lasts for seven days and you can you can see a priest terminal and him also complications are like mild meningitis encephalitis deafness myocarditis thyroiditis pancreatitis and you for itis and even the males can experience epididymitis orchitis so there will be of errors resulting in a testicular atrophy and infertility so these are the main complications regarding this mums treatment is with palliative in nature that is supportive care and hydration therapy non-aspirin analysis and - we have to give a bed rest and to minimize the orchitis you have to avoid sore foods and drinks which will decrease the salivary gland discomfort and proper vaccination is there for this so thereby preventing the infection