Muscles and Development of palate

hello everyone this is dr. Mary from Team MDS conquer so now we'll go I am going to discuss about the development of the palate and muscles of the soft palate and the palate anomalus so the these are the contents of my video coming to the brief introduction this actually this palate will have two components one is hard which is that is bony part which is called as a hard palate another is muscular which is called as a soft palate which is pleasant posterior so you can see here hard palate in a soft palate so the element of the soft palate begins forming the fifth week in the fifth week of interrater in life and it keep forms from the three processes mainly that is to palatal processes and one frontal nozzle process and the primary palate formation it is formed by the merging of two median nasal process where as a secondary palate formation between sixth and eighth week of the development secondary particles and here the shells will grow inferior ly in the vertical direction and along the sides of the tongue then tongue contracts in the eighth week then parrot or shells will flip in superior direction then they n long gate and we mu medially and fuse with each other to form the secondary palate so that is regarding the formation of the soft palate primary palate and the secondary planet and this secondary palate will meet the posterior portion of the primary palate and fuses together forming the final palate at the twelfth week of the entire time life so you can see here this is the secondary palate and here this is the primary palette and this muscles of soft palate will be developed from this this tensor veli palatini first to develop from their first pharyngeal art at the 40 days of conception whereas levator Villa Palatinate Pareto Ferrand is derived from the fourth pharyngeal arch muscular you will from the fourth fire in jail and Pareto glosses dollars from the forethought so all these from the four thatch whereas the first Randall arts use eyes to the tensor veli palatini and this soft palate is like a muscular four which is movable okay which is husbanded from the posterior part of the hard palate and it also separates this nasal firings from the oropharynx you can see a hard palate and is the soft palate then there are two surfaces of this soft palate and is anterior surface and posterior surface and here the differences are mentioned the convex concave and convex stand stratified squamous very straight respiratory epithelium content Palatine glands whereas attached to the tubule elevation and mark my median Rafi and continuous superiorly with the floor of nasal cavity so you can mention this difference between the anterior surface and the posterior surface of the soft palate and borders there are of superior water attached to the hard palate inferior is free and from the lower free border a part called B you utilize developed and later lead to curved folds of mucous membrane external a trillion downwards anterior fall is called as a palate o colossal arch whereas posterior fall is called as a palate or pharyngeal arch seeing here this is a posterior facial pillar this posterior four and this is the anterior fashion pillar which is the anterior fold then structure the soft palate consists of muscle fibers aponeurosis lymphoid organs glands blood vessels and the nerves and this is very important if they are asked about palate you have to write about this palette and aponeurosis and this is the fibrous sheath which is attached to the posterior part of the hard palate and it splits to enclose the musculus Iwilei and accuse origin and insertion to all the polluting muscles you can see here this is the Palatine aponeurosis coming to the muscles of the soft palate so this a group of Muslims of the soft palate which includes tensor veli palatini levator villa polity musculus usually palatov losses in the palate or fire in this you can see you the waiter will a palate in me this is the tensor veli palatini this is the palate of fire in years and this appellative losses and this is a muskiness usually this you can draw like in line diagram first coming to the tensor palate any if origins at the scaphoid pose of the pterygoid process and the lateral side of the cartilage of the auditory tube and it entered into here it it it becomes ten dinners and around and curves around the happiness of the medial pterygoid plate so it is the hammerless which wheat becomes occurs around this kind then it spreads out into the soft palate is a palatine aponeurosis then coming to the levator villa palate and it forms a bulk of the soft palate origin is from the inferior surface of the petrous temporal bone and lower part of the cart least as part of auditory tube whereas eat inserts into the anterior surface of the palatine aponeurosis of is the levator villa palate oniy then musculus Newville a it is lies in the midline enclosed in the para peloton aponeurosis origin from the posterior Mason spine I'm the insertion into the mucous membrane of the uvula so this is the musculus you will a shown here then coming to the palate of oranges it consists of anterior part in the posterior part posterior part belongs to superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx originates from the Paladin upon Arras is insertion posterior part into the pharyngeal rafi and anterior part into the posterior border of thyroid cartilage so you can see here this fellow too far in this muscle here then coming to the palette or glosses this palette of losses muscle is I mean it audience from the aponeurosis and undersurface the posterior minds from the hard palate and it inserts into the palate or gloss and folds and into the sides of the tongue so this table represents the action of the muscles so muscular civilly shortens the uvula elevated panettone elevates the palate and open up the pharyngeal end of auditory tube but as tensor palatini will depress the palate and causes tension in it and the palate or glosses closes the oropharyngeal islamists and palate of oranges will elevate the wall of the pharynx so these are the this table is important but you can write as these like you can depict it completely in your exam which gives the entire actions of the soft muscles of soft palate then there is an other important structural disk or as a passive enriched you have to write this point and this is formed by because some some of the upper fibers of the palate or pharyngeal pass circularly deep into the mucous membrane of the pharynx and from the sphincter internal to the superior constrictor so these fibers constitute the pass events muscle which on contraction rises bridge called as per sevenths Ridge on the posterior of the firing so this is present near the posterior fall of the fire and so you have to write the entire regarding the specimens Ridge and what is the significance of this range when the soft palate comes in contact with this bridge it closes the pharyngeal is famous hence during swallowing speech vomiting gagging this Ridge helps to cut nasopharynx from the oropharynx is very very important so you the Kumble sorry you have to mention ever regarding this passive and syringe then coming to the blood supply greatest paladin branch of mics with the Adria Satori ascending palatine branch of facial artery palate and branch of ascending pharyngeal a tree and tonsillar branch of dorsal is lynge other blood supply arterioles operation venous trainees is because of pterygoid in the firing Fluxus of wings and lymphatics into upper deep cervical and the retro pharyngeal lymph nodes the now supplied with with a greater Palatine known as Oh Palatine lesser Palatine middle Palatine Einhorn's in our branch nurse so motor is where all muscles is supplied by pharyngeal fluxes whereas tensor veli palatini he is the mandibular no because we have read that yeah ie how you people have seen that trends develop alottoni from the first ad side so it is supplied with a mandible or no then the secret or motor they come from the facial now and the taste fibers are derived from the face you know then this movements and functions the soft palate controls two stages that is upper airway or pharyngeal instuments and upper food where oropharyngeal islamists so during the speech this oropharyngeal ISM is closed or open so that more donación are correctly pronounced during sneezing as aid is directed through the nasal and oral cavities without damaging the narrow nose so these muscles help in that and even this muscles have a very important role in the swallowing that in the second stage of swallowing then this completes the anatomical structure of the palate development of the palate and the muscles of the soft palate then coming to the applied aspects you can mention these applied aspects again can be grouped into anatomical anomalies like cleft palate and this is the syndromes group of syndromes which are associated with a cleft palate so you can mention few syndromes in from this slide then Velo pharyngeal insufficients it is due to the anatomic dysfunction of the palate then bifid uvula remember this all of the malformations are anomalies like inherited disorder this bifida will are most commonly seen in the males then coming to the morphological variations of the soft palate you can see this down the radiographs there of type 1 which is leaf-shaped or lanceolate shaped type 2 wit is a rat tail shaped type 3 it is a bird-like shape you can see here type 4 is a straight line tyfa is a distorted soft palate that presents the s-type seek is 6 is a Kruk shaped appearance and the most common type of soft Palaces type 1 whereas the most common scene in obstructive sleep apnoea type 6 so these points you can mention so those are the soft palate variations of soft parent on the late encephalo Graham studies then even you can mention about the paralysis of the soft palate these are because of the lesions in these regions which causes nasal irritation nasal twang of voice flattering of the palatal Arts and deviation of the uvula see you can see here the depressed palate and art and they EULA is deviated towards the normal side then posterior parent else'll which is very important in the prosthodontics during the facilitation making functions it returns a maxillary denture and reduces accumulation of the food in there behind the denture coming to the oral submucous fibrosis even it involves their muzzles of the palate and the it involves the palate region so you can mention this oral submucous fibrosis also as an applied aspect then obstructive sleep apnea this is because of elongated issues of soft palate Dedham of the soft palate and tonsillar hypertrophy so even you can mention this is applied aspects then Pat ek most Lingle seen on the palate right so these are the various causes of the pen Petie cave which occur on the palate so you can mention few of them few of these causes in the applied aspects then coming to the bacterial infections like streptococcal pharyngitis tertiary syphilis which forms gamma and leprosy these are those are the bacterial infections which mainly involves a pallet and coming to the viral infections herpangina which most is seen in the children which is caused by coxsackievirus type here you will see the viral ulcerations on the palate then fungal infections most of the deep fungal infections like histoplasmosis cryptococcosis blastomycosis mucormycosis all these involves the soft palate which causes the necrosis of the palate I which caused the perforation partly perforation and you will see them some important manifestations of HIV on the palate like these are the conditions or religions where you can manifest in the HIV like a Tomatis candidiasis herpetic ulcers leukoplakia Kaposi sarcoma Optus ulcers petit k and cryptococcosis actinomycosis and papilloma virus infections all these are the list of solutions which occurs in the palate in the HIV patient then most of the saliva gland tumors can - allegra gland tumors will involve the palate so you can write about that celebra gland tumors and also celery necrotizing sino metaplasia which is a non inflammatory and in on you sorry it is a inflammation in or neoplastic condition where you can see unilaterally mostly on the junction of hard and soft palate because of this trauma then you can write by plyometric adenoma most in sixty eight point person cases you can seem UK epidermoid carcinoma you can see involving the palate and there are other miscellaneous lesions or disorders like Epstein pearls we say the developmental cysts which can see merely nearly along the mid palatine buffet then bones to audience which you can see the soft palate and on the sanction of the hardened soft palate and also the allele a rich instrument itis Nikitina which is because you can see the inflammation of the minor salivary glands which you see it on the palette which is tobacco-related then lymphoid aggregates it's a bitter like the elevated nodules and have a slight I'll orange hue which can be seen on the soft palate and after stomatitis which occurs on freely moveable mucosa and in traumatic also traumatic burns or thermal burns you can see on the palate and this traumatic ulcers may be because of the irritation of the denture and denture sore mouth that is stomatitis that is like type 1 type 2 type 3 dentist or my deities can also seen on the palate so these are the I mean like applied aspects we should have given many applied aspects were given in this video so you can select few of them and you have to write the applied aspects when they give a development of the palate or muscles of the soft palate you have to mention those anomalies development anomalies okay these are the references of the video