H.pylori (Microbiology)

yeah hi cordoning back here with one more mind map the related to a very important bacteria okay that is h pi relay so coming to the description of it anatomically it is a gram positive we can see it is a spiral rod like shape you can see its spiral a it's like rod like shape and flagella are present towards one and okay it is mortal because of presence of a bunch of flies alone one said that is low Potrykus and flagella contains five to seven sheeted polar flagella it is micro error philic catalyze positive oxidase positive h2s positive phosphatase positive and the most important question for you in the case based as well as in a in a normal direct clinical question is rapid URIs test which is very unique for this particular bacteria there are few other bacteria which are mainly concerned with this rapid urease test but out of which the most powerful is h parallel if you want you can make a note of other bacteria one of the most commonly asked question is rapid you raise test is positive for H power layer which is hundred times more active than any other bacteria and the second bacteria which exhibits it is Proteus okay and other bacteria which exhibit it is citrobacter so all these bacteria have the property of exhibiting this ureas test but the most active and most powerful is h parallel okay so apart from that it is most commonly habitated in your gastric mucosa and the most common site of occurrence of multiple colonies is gastric antral okay so so basically the points to be added are initially this this particular bacteria will enter into the body after an incubation period it's going to cause mild gastritis mild acute gastritis so and it lasts for about like two weeks and in most of the cases the infection still persist and it goes home okay goes on ears and it goes on decades but the patient will remember mine asymptomatic so such cases are called as chronic superficial gastritis okay so if you see the histological examination of these patients who are suffering from this chronic superficial gastritis the bacteria will invade or we'll be presenting in only the the mucosa okay and it does not invade the underlying structures in it and bacteria has this adaptation of maintaining or survival because you know pH of stomach is somewhere around one to two which is I get a most common question your physiology so even at this low pH levels that a acidic pH levels the bacteria has a habit of its survivability by doing some modifications so apart from this the most important points to be noted is about the virulence II of the bacteria okay so coming to the virulence II of the bacteria you need to make a note about one virulence factor that is that is vacuole ating saito toxin which is also called as BAC 8 and this is the main this is mainly associated with causing the peptic ulcer so this organism this H para is the main concerned organism for causing this peptic ulcer for causing this peptic ulcer so coming to the description of this peptic ulcer the peptic ulcers can be a the duodenum ulcers or gastric ulcers but mostly it causes D or denim ulcers do denim ulcers in about 80 percentage of the cases and in only 60 percentage of the cases it's going to cause the gastric ulcer so please make an order it's the most common organism associated with the D or denim ulcer followed by the gastric ulcer and very few cases say it it also causes a tropic gastritis and gastric Eddy normal okay it's going to cause a tropic gastritis and gastric adenoma and they're coming to the inflammatory mediators or pro-inflammatory cytokine s which plays a very important role occurrence of the peptic ulcer associated with this bacteria is interleukin-1 beta so this is again a very important point interleukin-1 beta is mainly concerned with causing these peptic ulcers in association with these bacteria okay so so the next important points to be added is about the laboratory tests so already discuss that rapid you race test is the most convenience test okay so you have this rapid ureas test is the most convenience test and labeled that is either C 13 or C 14 okay the same test either C 13 or C 14 urease breath test okay so C 13 or C 14 furious breath test is the most accurate test okay so this is most accurate test and this is most convenient test okay so these are the two tests that you have to make a note okay so of two days that you have to make a note and culture culture techniques or isolation of batteries I get a most commonly used you can use the stool antigen test also and of course you can have a seer logical test by identifying the virulence II or by they're using élisa élisa or any of these can be used as a serial logical test which are not that important so most of your questions will move around these two tests okay how we are clear up until now so I will be talking about the treatment plan here because this treatment plan is is the most commonly asked area in your form ecology the treatment plan I hope you remember that triple drug therapy for peptic ulcer what we have learned in our second year pharmacology part okay so the triple drug therapy includes different treatments that is one is the first-line treatment the first-line treatment includes two parts one is the ISM and one and the two the one is called as OCA and which is used for seven to 14 days and the second one is OCM which is used again for 7 to 14 days so OCA in which over means O'Meara's all see is cali through myosin and a is a mock Salam and over omeprazole kali through myosin and metronidazole so these are the two combinations which are used as first-line drugs so this is called as triple drug therapy and the second line again includes one more rhythm that is resumed third there is reason in third which includes OB TM which is used for 2 weeks ok this OB TM which includes omeprazole be for a heavy metal that is bismuth Tifa tetracycline and I am for the maternity shoulder okay so this is the main important points related to this particular type of battery so apart from this you can make a note that this H by L is usually acquired in okay as increases the prevalence of occurrence of these organism increases and coming to the reservoirs and humans have the only reserved voice for this particular bacteria and there is a study that is clearly showing that man-to-man transmission is by the fecal-oral or or a frequent route the source of infection is the gastric mucosa only as already discussed it is most commonly associated with the fecal-oral similar freak over so it is most commonly seen with children most commonly seen with low socioeconomic status people and most commonly seen with a poor oral hygiene or are crowded areas where the food or any of any of these things were easily get polluted okay so this is how this bacteria will cause infection [Music] you