GENERAL ANATOMY LIVE CLASS MDSCONQUER NEET MDS INICET MDS INTERNATIONAL DENTAL EXAMS

[Music] [Applause] what are the for we going to see in the cranial fosa right the anterior cranial fosa this is the anterior cranial fosa the anterior M and posterior M this is the middle cranial posa which is many many important for Amina and this is the posterior cranial fosa is very deep okay yeah now in the anterior cranial fosa what you see here is the ethmoid bone right which part of the ethmoid bone you see here all those small small opening that's the CRI form plate of ethmoid right cribriform plate of ethmoid you see any foramin in the anterior cranial fosa this cribriform plate of EOD is going to transfer the all Factory rootlets of the first cranial nerve yes once theyve asked foramin seeum okay usually nothing passes through it the foramin seeum is in the anterior cranial posa right now coming to the middle cranial posa what are the bones that you get to see in the middle cranial posa because once they like the foramin is situated between which two bones okay so you should know the boundaries of the foramina bones contributing to those boundaries yes so the yellow color that you see see here is the spinoid body of the spinoid greater wing of the spinoid this is the temporal bone okay petus part SAS part the green color is the parial bone okay so you can identify the bones now we'll talk about the foramina yeah so between the body of the spinoid and the Lesser wing of the spinoid this is the optic Canal just now we saw the optic nerve and the Opthalmic artery passes through it right okay now this one here I'll take a different color this between the Lesser wing and the greater Wing just now we saw this is the superior orbital fissure right now coming to the three important for that you see here I'll mark it with three purple color one two and three what are they yes the anterior most one this one is the for rotend yes behind that oval in shape is the foram oil behind that is the foramin spinosum now what is going to pass through this foram and rendum yes you can tell me for and rendum the structure traversing is the maxillary nerve so where is this maxy nerve going into from the middle cranial posa where does it enter it's going to leave the cranial cavity and enter the terop Palatine fosa right it's going to enter the terop Palatine fosa maxy nerve through the foramin rotend right coming to the foramin ovale that you see here yes there's a pneumonic right for foramin ovale m a l e what is it so the mandibular nerve accessory menial artery the Lesser petal nerve and the Emissary vein now you're going to tell me the mandibular nerve right from that to where it's going from the middle cranial posa is going to enter the infratemporal PHA right so from the foram oil it's going to enter the infratemporal fosa very good Dr Richa accessory Nal artery it's a branch of maxillary artery the first part of maxillary artery lesser petrosal nerve to which gangon is it going any idea lesser petal neres reaching the infratemporal fosa what's the ganglion that very good tic ganglia which pared gland is it Rel I'm sorry I told you the answer right which salivary gland is related to to the oted gland right yes very good now coming to yeah the other foramina here behind the foramin O that's the foramin PM what are the two structures traversing it nerous spinosum that's a branch from which part of the mandibular nerve sorry Dr Kiki the what nervous spinosum right very good very good doctor the nervous spinosum is a branch coming from the trunk of the mandibular nerve what is the other structure accompanying it middle menial artery middle menal artery is again a branch of first part of maxillary artery right any doubt in this so the middle cranial posa the forna very very very important okay Forin rotend I told you Max nerve entering the terop Palatine posa foramin oil mandibular nerve entering the infratemporal fosa and foramin spinosum nervous spinosum from the trunk of the Mand nerve done and if you want to add here what you see here is see foram and laum either side of the body of this speno here you see the upper opening of the cored canal there's a better picture in the base of the skull I'll be showing you okay need not worry about it right coming to the foramin in the posterior cranial posa one two and this one for in Magnum okay so what is this interal acoustic Miatas so what are the structures traversing the internal AC right yeah the seventh nerve eighth nerve and an Ary the labyrinthine artery where is this artery coming from yes this labyrinthine artery is a branch of basar artery which Lies Over the pawns okay so these are the three things which are going to Traverse the internal acostic Miatas now as I told you very very important one this forment here what is it called juga the jugular foramin right yes the jugular foramin again it's going to be divided into three compartments anterior compartment intermediate compartment posterior compartment okay in the anterior and the posterior compartment there is a Venus sinus right what is the Venus sinus in the anterior compartment inferior petrosal sinus and in the posterior compartment this one is the igv the internal juglar vein which is a continuation of the sigmoid sinus and interestingly this interior petroil sinus is the first tributary okay as soon as it comes out of the sky it opens into the internal jugler vein first tribut of internal jugler vein now what is there in the intermediate compartment three cranial nerves what are they 9 10 and 11 okay so jugular pamin is located between which two bones between the petus part of the temporal bone and the oxit bone anterior and posterior compartment a sinus Venus sinus anterior compartment inferior petosa sinus posterior compartment sigmoid sinus is continuing as internal jugler vein intermediate compartment 9 10 11 what happens in the clinical aspect if you see here a fracture to the base of the skull okay which involves the jugular foramin 9 10 11 cranial nerves can be involved right and you know there's a name given to the syndrome any idea very good Dr arita and everyone yes those who don't know please know note it down it's the veret syndrome right veret okay Doctor veret any doubt in this we'll move on now I want you to tell me which foramin like the Forin rotum ovil and spinosum which one you don't get to see in the base of the skull yes of the three yes very good okay the foram and rendum it doesn't open below it opens anteriorly into the terop palatin fosa you can make out the foramin oil you can make out the foramin spinosum rotend doesn't open below okay understood okay now uh same thing you can see here can you tell me what is this here that is the lower opening of the coted canal okay who's going to tell me what is this foren that you see here this is the styloid process this is the mastoid process so the foramin between the two what is it yes the styom mastoid foramin what does it transmit the seventh nerve isn't it the facial nerve it transmits the facial nerve very good very good very good where is a jugular foren now yeah can you see here this is the oxy put and that's the temporal so this is the area of the juular foramin okay now the styloid process any idea how long is the styloid process normally it's about 2.5 cm sometimes the styloid process can be very long lengthy right it can be like P to yeah about 5 cm or something yes and then it can compress it can yeah compress the ninth nerve producing pain over the ear pain in the throat all that yeah and that goes by the name very good very good guys superb Eagle syndrome okay very good very good Dr anima yeah now few things that I would like to see here yeah can you tell me what is this here that's the incisive Canal yeah the lateral incisive foram what is it going to transmit yes from so you have the greater palatin vessel that is going to enter in right yeah greater Palatine vessel and from the nasal cavity one which is going to Greater palatin is going to enter the nasal cavity the one which is going to leave the nasal cavity and come to the palatin is see palet is the phop Palatine nerve and vessels okay yeah so these are the two structures traversing the yeah and you can make out the greater Palatine forine here this is the greater palatin foramin transmitting the vessels you can make out the Lesser paltin here two small foramina lesser Palatine foramina now other few important one I would like to tell here as I told you here you can make out at empty space yeah that's the foram Lum the anterior aspect of the foramin laerum you get to see one foramin what is it this one here yeah the anterior end of the foramin leum is related to yes the teroid canal teroid canal which is also called Vian yeah vian's Canal what is going to pass through it the nerve of the teroid canal right the artery of the teroid canal is going to pass through it another two small foramina here you know this is the OM right between the OM and the here uh vaginal process of the OM and this the this one here this is the omo vaginal Canal luckily nothing passes through it okay no significant structures are going to pass through it you need not worry and just behind that here this one here this is the palatino vagina Canal vaginal is part of the okay vaginal process of the OM palatino vaginal Canal what is going to pass through the palatino vaginal Canal yes the ferial vessels and nerve okay base of the skull I would like to repeat it again the take home message foram and rendum of the middle cranial posa the lower opening is not seen in the base of the scal okay and you have seen the skylom mastoid Forin between the styloid process and mastoid process through which the facial n is going to exit the syndrome related to styloid process is Eagle syndrome you have seen the jugular foramin lower opening of cored canal here I tried to show you structures passing through the incisive Canal greater Palatine lesser palatin foramin and then we saw three small foramin okay anterior you see the foramin lerum anterior end of the Lum teroid canal and between the Omar and the medial teroid plate more in the front you get to see the OM vaginal Canal more proximal to it palatino vaginal Canal these have been asked over the previous years no problem in identification the name of the canal of pamin has been mentioned and structures passing through you should be able to tell okay lastly about the foron foron Magnum right now who's going to tell me what is the point in the anterior margin of the foran Magnum called in the midline one craniometric point this this is the anterior magin of foran Magnum right the midpoint of it is called the bason okay just remember since we are talking about for and Magnum I thought I'll mention it here structures in through Forin me Magnum three membranes anteriorly right what are they epical ligament of dense upper band of cruciate ligament and one more what is it membran Toria okay other than that what are the structures that are going to pass through it you have the medula the medula is going to be covered by the three menes right with the two spaces subarid space subdural space yes and what are the arteries that are going to pass through it anterior spinal artery posterior spinal artery which are branches from the yes vertebral artery the fourth part of vertebral artery passes through it okay and I'll take another color yes what are the nerves passing through it very good so the plexus the sympathetic flues around the vertebral artery and the spinal part of the accessory nerve one more one more structure yes the tonsil of the cellum okay so it's very very important just go through it the three ligaments the medula surrounded by the menes fourth part of vertebral artery along with the anterior spinal artery posterior spinal artery sympathetic fluxes around the vertebral artery final part of accessory nerve the tonsils of cell [Music] [Applause]