Development of face

hello everybody this is dr madhuri from team mds conquer so now we'll discuss about the development of the face actually they'll ask individually i like development of the palette or a development of the manga law or a mandible but sometimes they can ask like completely you have to write about the development of the face so now we'll discuss very briefly what to write when a question like development of phase will arise okay this is the contents of this video like starting the introduction to the conclusion and references uh which includes like prenatal development development of skull face palette tongue maxillary mandible tmj and survivory glands so coming to the interaction usually this human face begins during the fourth week of our intra-time life and palette development occurs in the six to eight weeks whereas at the end of the sixth week external phase is completed and the development continues in the twelfth week with the completion of the soft palate so prenatal development includes three successive phases okay actually this development is divided into 23 stages i mean like complete development okay but pre and three successive phases like where the germinal phase embryonic phase and fetal phase so this is very important for us there is neural tube and germ layers and this ah actually here the artisan organs will differentiate after the formation of triploplast embryo okay then here we will see this ectoderm from the sector neuroplay develops where consists of neural folds and neural group completely forms a neural tube then from the mesoderm somites like sclerotome myotome and dermatome will develop and rhombometers are important in the formation of the head this is the formation of the notocard here you can see starting there is a neural plate then a neural group appears and a fold which formation leads to formation of neural crest cells and the neural tube completely and here the entire notocard is same so you can represent this development in the form of pictures with only a few lines describing them okay so head formation uh actually we i have told that rhombomedias help in the head formation right so you you can see here there are two types of rhombomir stromomiya one andromeda two andromeda one helps the connective tissue of the phase formation whereas rhomomir2 the first branchial arch then this tomatoium is called as a future mouth and it is bounded cranially by the frontal eminence and quarterly by the cardiac bulge okay that which leads to the heart and this is separated from the gut by a bucco pharyngeal membrane and in the formation of the neck it is formed by the elongation of region between this systematium and pericardium this is because a series of mesodermal thickenings called as pharyngeal or branchial arches appear so this is bronchiologists are very important so you can see here this is the stomatodium and this is the frontal permanent prominence which leads to the head in baccopharyngeal membrane zagat and the cardiac bulge and it is the future cardiovascular system and this pacco pharyngeal membrane ruptures it 24 to 26 days and coming to our important sub topic in this development of phase that is branching arches so these arches are actually there are six arches but the fifth arcs will disappear and only five will remain okay then this pharyngeal arches are rod like thickenings of mesoderm present in the wall of the foregut this arches are separated externally by small clefts called as branchial grooves or a ectodermal clefts and on the inner aspect you can see the small depressions which are called as a branchial pouches or endodermal pouches you can draw this diagram representing the pharyngeal arts like first branch large second one third one and fourth and fifth so this you can draw the diagram in the pharyngeal arteries so this table is every very important you can represent as it is which is present in the table like what is the first arch and what are the derivatives of the subheading should be what is the arch for our derivatives of the first arch muscles of the arch and nerve of the earth so these should be your subheadings and these should be your contents okay so the first arcs derivatives are this chemicals cartilage incurs malleus and spinomandibular ligament these are the muscles of the first arch and this is the nerve of the first arch in coming to the second arch these are the derivatives of the second arch these are the muscles of the second arch and this is the now of the second large and here if you learn this table even if they give like any other muscles also you can directly write the no supply directly because if you learn this group of muscles here which is supplied by mandible now so if you get a muscles of mastication answer then you can directly write the nerve supply like with mandible and also this table is important then third arch are derivatives muscles and the now supply fourth arch derivative muscles and the nerve supply and the sixth are derived radius and the nerve supply okay fifth arch is disappeared so hence it is not included in this table then there are two terms called as pharyngeal pouch and the cleft you can see here this function remember two things that's it pouch is lined by the endoderm whereas groove that is cleft it is lined by the ectoderm you can simply represent this diagram for the pharyngeal pouch and the cleft then starts with the development of phase it is derived from the two process that is frontal nozzle process and the other structure is first pharyngeal or the mandibular arts so you can see here this is the frontal process and this is the maxillary process and this is the multiplier process this diagram you can draw for the phase development so there are ah you can draw a limited number of diagrams with the important points okay so here you can see this mandible prominence and this yellow color thing you can color your diagrams also so that this is a maxillary prominence and this is the frontal process and here you can see the median nasal prominence lateral nasal prominence and external acoustic and miatas and the external eo then these mandibular arch consists of two process that is at the dorsal end maxillary process can be seen like this whereas if the ventral and mandibular process is seen then this lower lip mandibular process of the two sides grow towards each other and they will fuse and form this lower lip the upper lip is formed by the maxillary process grows and fuses initially then with lateral nasal process followed by the median nasal process so all these process combine and form the upper lip so the mesodermal basis of this lip is formed by the frontal nozzle process whereas the lateral part is formed by the maxillary process remember those points you can see here the development of the lip see this is the maxillary process overgrows the frontal process and here you can see this fused mandibular process and here you can see this maxillary process fuses with the lateral nasal process here and this is the frontal nozzle process okay this is the frontal nozzle max very process lateral nasal process and the maxillary process and this is the mandible process you can draw any one of the diagram here which representing all the processes then coming to the cheeks this imaginary process fuses with the median angle of the developing eye and which formation of nasal optic furrow or the nasolacrimal sulcus and this leaks are formed this maxory and random blood processes lateral to the stomatodium will fuse to form the cheeks then nose nose is formed with three processes that is frontal nozzle process medial nasal process and the lateral nasal process and there are called as olfactory plaques and remember in this slides only very important points which you have to mention in the examination are given so this is sufficient if they give for the development of the phase the frontal olfactory placodes which are like localized thickenings of the ectoderm overlying the frontal nozzle process and this pluckers will sink below the surface to form a horseshoe shaped ridge then this nasal pits will have it two arms that is median arm and the lateral medial arm is the medial nasal process where lateral arm will form the lateral nasal process this both the lateral and the medial nasal process fuse with each other and form the external leads so you can see here this is the nasal plucode and this is the lateral nasal process nasal pit and the medial nasal process so this is a line diagram where you can see maxillary process this is the eyes lateral nasal process and the medial nasal process in coming to the nasal cavities and it is formed by the extension of the nasal pit okay then primitive palette it is a partition between pit and the stomatodium which is formed due to fusion of the media line the lateral nasal processes and this nasal sac have a dorsal orifice and the ventral orifice dorsal orifice forms the nasal aperture residential orifice from the external needs and with they both dorsally expand dorsally and caudally and these all the nasal cavities ah and narrowing of the frontal nozzle process forms the nasal septum so that completes the formation of the nose then coming to the eye lens placards are involved these are the ectodermal thickenings present in the ventrolateral to the brain and later and cranial to the nasal plaque so if they will sink below the surface and gets cut off from the surface of the ectorum then afterwards eyeball will balance naturally forwards and then eyelids are developed from the folds of ectoderm and mesoderm then coming to the external year here it is formed around the first ectodermal cleft and it is formed by the fusion of mesodermal thickenings and this initially pinnable glycol to the developing jaw but during the enlargement of the mandibular process this pin novel pushed upwards and backwards so these are the developmental anomalies of the year like anoshia that absence in austria is that complete i mean like fusion microstria small ear and auricular sinuses so you can mention this developmental anomalies also see in any uh answer where if there are any question if they ask about the development you have to mention the anomalies also in the applied aspects so coming to the paranasal sinuses this ma actually this maxillion spinoid sinuses will develop before the birth whereas enlargement of sinus and enlargement of the facial skeleton takes place future and animal is includes like down syndrome where there is non-development of frontal and sphenoidal sinuses upper syndrome whereas diminution or absence of the sinuses and presence of metabolic suture or diminishing absence of frontal nozzle sinuses can be seen then coming to the development of pilot it consists of three components that is two palletal process of the maxilla primitive valid formed from the frontal nozzle process so this is the primary palette and these are the secondary palatal shells which finally leads the fusion of the parrot so you can see here this inter maxillary segment is the flow chart i mean like you can write like a sequence the inter maxillary segment will give rise to filter of the upper lip median part of the maxillary bone in sizes and triangular primary palette it forms a triangular primary palette then frontal section through the head then it will forms like a vertical position of the palatal shelves on either side of the tongue then at the 7 to 5.5 week embryo showing horizontal position of the palatal shells above the tongue you can see here you can represent this diagram and the last thing is a frontal section of this 10 10-week embryo showing the fused palatal shells here okay these are the stages how like in in the sixth week or seventh week and the tenth week if you can remember you can you can include these points also and one or two diagrams like you can directly draw the tenth week diagram then animal is includes like left palette you can represent with the pictures like unilateral cleft complete electrical cleft lip and jaw and jaw with unilateral cleft flip and anterior palate here the bilateral cleft lip bilateral cleft of the posterior palate and cleft palate combined with a unilateral and period cleft so you can represent these anomalies in the diagrams then other developmental disturbances include like i mean like of other all these things like epstein pearls epstein pearls bones nodules high arts to palette marfan syndrome clear cranial i mean like this median palatal sister of epstein pearls and bones nodules i adds to palette can be seen this is the developmental distance of palette can be seen in in higher marfan syndrome credo cradial disostosis krausen syndrome progeria turner syndrome and the upper syndrome then these are the epstein pearls you can see the junction whereas in the mid palatine raphae region you can see the bone snorines and the development of the tongue coming to development of the tongue this is very important and here you can see uh like anterior two-thirds of the tongue dial from the tubercle impair into lingual cell swellings posterior one-third develop from the hypobranchial eminence okay so these are the anomalies of the tongue like eyeglassia microglossia microglossia physiotum and angelo glossia then coming to the development of the skull here you can see like in i mean this morphogenesis can be blends into like neuro cranium plus desmocranium plus chondrocranium then phase wisdom cranium and masticatory operators it is a blend of morphogenesis and growth of skull entities so this kali is formed from the mesenchyme surrounding the brain and this mesenchyme from the sclero term of the occipital somite help in the formation of the base of the skull so the base of the skull is from the spiritual whereas otic and nasal capsules take part in forming the mesenchymal basis of the skull and this mandibular and maxillary process first prank which are related to first branching art is closely related to the developing skull and these are the bones of the skull which are completely formed in the membrane list and these are the complete bones of the skull which are completely formed in the cartilage and partly cartilage and partly membrane so you can include this easy table in your answer if they ask about development of the face then these are the anomalies of the skull like an anencephaly scaphocephaly acrocephaly oxycephaly plagiocephaly and hydrocephalus so you can draw these diagrams also that plagiocephaly oxycephalian trigonocephaly triangle shape enlarged microcephaly and scaphocephaly inocephaly and coming to the development of maxilla it includes like prenatal development and the post-natal development okay develops by the intra membranous ossification and here anteriorly i mean like this maxillary process of the first arch center of ossification will be like posteriorly below the orbit towards the zygoma anteriorly towards the incisors superiorly to form the frontal process inferiorly to form the alveolar palate angular plate and partially to palatally to form the heart palette and the zygomatic or malar cartilage that is secondary cartilage helps in the formation of zygomatic and allele process then post natural development includes two aspects that is shifting position of the maxillary complex and enlargement of the complex and this postnatal development is because of these mechanisms you can mention only the names which is sufficient like suture connective tissue proliferation ossification surface opposition resorption and translation and this is based on the principle of expanding v so in this diagram you can see this nasomaxillary complex as emerges beneath the cranium whereas this expanded v is the you can see here expanded v in the down growth of the and forward of the maxilla so you can draw this line diagrams then mandible prenatal development primary cartilages of megals cartilage and initially osteoarthritis at the bifurcation of the inferior allerge takes place and the secondary cartilage includes condylar coronoid and the symphyseal cartilage and this is also based on the expanding v principle and if you see in the postnatal development this both develops by the endocondor and the intramembranous ossification okay and this allele process and the resolution occur the iv aldolar process and posterior border of the ramus will develop after the one year whereas this uh distal superior surface of the ramus condyle and lower water of the lateral surfaces will develop during the first year of the life and disturbances of the jaws that to maxilla includes maxillary hypoplasia treacher collins syndrome anhydrotic ectodermal hyperasia down syndrome and the cleft lip and cleft palate if you go over the distance of the jaw in the mandible these are on the list of disturbances of the jaws of the mandible which is important here is the parry robinson syndrome then development of the tmj here this develops between because of the mesenchyma between the condylar cartilage of mandible and squamous tympanic bone they convert in india done strip of misincome finally leads leads break down and forms the articular disc of the joint developmental anomalies includes ankylosis and functionless joint that is mandibular mal development in coming to the development of salivary glands this includes formation of analog and development of clan with dichromatic branch duct differentiation and early formation of the lobules and canalization and structural maturation and duct differentiation these are the stages in development of salivary glands developmental anomalies includes agencies hyperplasia atresia aberrancy stephanie cyst anterior lingual depression so these are the references for the development of the face so this in this video i have given a brief idea of all the things which are developed which are included in the development of phase so if they ask like broadly development of phase you can include all these points which i have covered in the video and few diagrams and the tables like bones of the skull and the and this thing pharyngeal pouches they are very important so don't forget to include these two tables when they give the answers like development of face okay thank you everyone have a nice day