DENTAL HISTOLOGY II NEET MDS INICET MDS Quick Revision WE ARE WITH YOU - TEAM MDSCONQUER

[Music] hi winners this is dr srikanth from team mds conquer now i'll be having a talk over dental histology so i'll be covering uh as much stuff as possible within this limited time but make a note your dental pulse synopsis and the pp book stuff is mandatory and i hope you have done it and i want you to glance that at least like one hour once you're done with this video make sure histology is again a topic where you need to revise okay because logic based application based questions will be very very less so the pic memory based has an option so memory based subjects should be revised in the last five days so let's start so this is not basically from dental histology but it is basically an area of choice that most of the purpose certainly speak that is taken from your philips textbook okay so they can ask you the content okay they can ask you the water content is the question that is given so check whether they are going to ask it as per volume or pervert so dentin and an animal i have given then organic content organic content and water so if water you can simply remember an aml weight volume and dentin weight volume so if they're asking water it's going to be 1 6 and it's going to be 10 22 okay and i hope you can manage that in organic or organic content which is a well familiar question the next goes is uh i mean uh i mean once they have asked this question so what is this this is the percentage of wet weight composition of an animal okay so the water content in the secretary stage is five and the maturation is one so the water content is decreasing from the initial phase to the last phase whereas the mineral content is increasing and the protein content is decreasing so this this is very very important the next goes are the underlying stuff just go through the underlying stuff at the surface the modulus of elasticity is higher the hardness is more on dentino enamel junction okay the hardness is more on dentinal enamel junction elastic modulus of velocity is higher at the surface and the specific gravity values are important of course 2.8 is for enamel 2.8 2.2 is for your dentin and 1.53 is for your nitrous oxide saliva is 1.008 the specific gravity all these values are important to make a note we have so many tables related to specific gravity of all the things which are important for examination of your pp books and i hope you are done with that okay so electric uh the temperature resistance they can ask you the temperature resistance value and the electric resistance value they can ask so please do make a note of this and okay semi-permeable memory an animal is a semi-permeable membrane permitting the passes of through a few materials okay that is 14c labeled urea or iodine etc so please do make a note of this then goes the chemical content 96 percentage of inorganic content four percentage of organic content two main groups that is amelogenins and non-emelogens amylogenes are low molecular weight accounts ninety percent is the accounts high percentage but they are low molecular weight they are rich in hp gl h p g l non-amylosionins are high molecular weight and the oculus 10 percentage and they are rich in gas g a yes i know you're very clear so this formula is a regularly asked question i don't know why so please do make another structure of hydroxyapatite is hexagonal i hope most of them are very familiar uh the next comes is the hydroxyapatite center core or c axis of hydroxyl ions around which the calcium and the phosphorus ions are arranged in the form of triangles and during the formation the magnesium can be replaced replaces the magnesium replaces the calcium and carbonate okay so please do make it a during the formation magnesium can replace the calcium and carbonate can replace the hydroxyl ion that's that's a very important thing to be noted and this is an important point to add the core of the crystals are rich in magnesium and carbonate okay and make a node ah this is a dry weight content the major content in the enamel structure is not calcium it is oxygen that is 43.4 percentage and followed by the calcium that is 36 percentage and followed by that phosphorus it is seventeen point seven percent major content is oxygen don't get confused this is a this is a big trap and next goes is the ph regulation during the enamel formation so please do go through this contents mainly this this is an area of focused okay how this ph is going to differ during the and of course that you need to make a note about the definition of buffering capacity of the saliva and also already discussed buffering capacity is important in maintaining the ph levels in the saliva and plaque and and the buffering capacitive saliva is main one which maintains the oral hemostatism and making what the buffering capacity is the milli moles of naocl or hcl per ml required to cause a change of change of one unit change of a unit in the ph value so this is the millimole of either as either acid hcl or either base naohcl that is added per ml of saliva to change it ph by a normal value that is what the buffering capacity so the three buffering capacities which are very very important that most important buffering capacity is the bicarbonate buffering capacity the second most important buffering capacity is the phosphate buffering capacity which is contributed to some extent when there is low saliva flow and you have low saliva flow this bike or this phosphate buffering capacity is coming is going to come into existence the third system of buffering capacity is the protein system it occurs in the lower ranges of ph that is the buffering capacity of saliva is due to the macromolecule containing h bonding systems and the next course is you can identify the blood group of an individual by taking the salivary samples that's an important point to be added and you can know the or monitor the progesterone levels to find the ovulation time in the females and of course the you can find the na and k plus ratio in the saliva that helps in diagnosing the diseases like additions disease and and the cushing stasis do make a note of this hormonal levels your ins levels of testosterone insulin and steroids can be determined in saliva too and of course h pyrulate which is the main cause that culprit for the peptic ulcer can also be diagnosed by using saliva of of course uh urea's test is the best test to identify this but you can identify the h pylori by using some sort of things in saliva also the biopsy of the minor salivary glands of the lip very commonly asked question related to the zorgon syndrome and do make a note of these composition parameters that is the volume of saliva or you can like they can ask you gm the immunoglobulins are represented in the syllabus predominantly is ig a okay iga immunoglobulin that is the dimer form of ig immunoglobulin which has j chain j chain is present in the i g m and i g a okay it holds 5 five five single units of igm it holds two single units of ig and most of them you know about this urea is present uric acid is present okay so you have all these growth factors and do make a note of these values regularly i mean need is not much focused on memory based stuff according to two zero to zero but we have to get prepared for everything warner glands these are the serious survivory lands we have already discussed like different types of glands and what is their contribution it is serious or mucus are mixed or predominantly something we have discussed everything on the group just go back and check those pics or the other notices that are posted on it and do make you know the lingual life is very specifically lipase is not secreted by saliva it's lingual lipids which is secreted by saliva and it's very specific to warn up in our clients and it is innovated by the close of pharyngeal now do make a note of this serous and mucus cells and their diagram based things okay they can ask you such questions nowadays microscopic diagram based questions are seen very familiar in 2020 neet exam and of course we can encounter a few more in 2021 which is going to be on december 16th the next comes is the difference between the microsoft by by by learning these differences it is very easy to identify the diagram based questions so please go through all these lines which are underlined which are very very very very important examination point of view then of course you have a question on this in 2020 neet exam and it's the most familiar which is common repeat not repeated in 1819 but it's a question that is given in 2017 and of course with a twist that is added in 2020. so what is this what is this uh like first of all it is interregulated tax which opens into stride attacks and open center actually reduct okay so what changes the regular lacquer saliva concentration this was given okay this was given right so this was given in 2020 need and of course the lining you have a low cubital cells here you have a tall column in our cells here you have a pseudostratified columnar epithelium two stratified squamous epithelium here and of course you know the smallest is this the biggest is this the intermediate is this so there are a few other things that you have to make a note myo epithelial cells uh they are present at the periphery of the duct they are absent here they are absent here okay so please do add such such important things which can be asked in the examination point of view then comes the difference between the different glands and this is the table taken from the textbook very important now michael scotland disappears at 24th week whereas your periodic land is four to six submandibular is six weeks and sublingual is eight to twelve weeks and coming to the type of secretion it is serious secretion it is zero mucous secretion and it is mucoid secretion coming to the contribution mass submandibular is going to provide the major contribution that is 70 percentage and uh peridot is 25 and five it is okay the largest gland is periodic land but the major contribution is by the sublingual and the ducts which opens it 2017 question okay so these are the most common things where where the ducts are going to open is the most common questions so please do check it uh when coming to the capsule capsule is very thick and well developed here capsule is thinner absent it is thinner option and coming to the nerve innervation please do make a note of the nerves here the facial nerve for the sub mandibular facial know for the sublingual and do make you know the blood supply the lymphatic drainage and everything lysozyme is very predominant in the case of your submandibular okay and when you're talking about the intercollective ducts are almost option but rarely seen in the case of the sublingual mls activity is more this is a question that is given previously in one of the aims examination when you take when you take food of rich carbohydrate mls is going to play a very vital role right so mls activity is mainly concerned with the period when compared to any other type of glands okay so please do make a note of these things or they're gonna ask you this question very familiar easily asked cusp of caribbean where it is present okay it's the fifth cast for the smallest curse it is present lingual to the mesolingual cause for the maxillary first molar and coming to this uh yeah of course these are the blood capillaries uh blood capillary systems which are present in the body the first one is fenestrated capsules the second one is continuous the third one is discontinuous fourth one is tight and first and second types are most common in the case of your dental these are present in the human body all the four types are present in the human body when you're talking about the dental pulp the first and second that is the fenestration capsules and the continuous capsules are most common in the dental pulp and coming to the enzymatic hectic nowadays you can see 2020 need has lots of questions on engines i mean most of them are related to general medicine and physio part but of course they can ask questions in this particular area also okay so which cells how which activity more is a regularly asked question for example if you talk about the odentoblast and odentocytes you have alkalize alkaline phosphatase which is more active class they cause resorption you have acidic phosphates that is more active right and similarly class will have more cytochrome oxidase and will have more succinct dehydrogenase so please do make a note of all these things which can be asked in the examination and the next comes is the accessory canals uh how the axillary canals form that is a break in the break or i mean like trap entrapment of the vessels blood vessels during the foundation okay so where you can see accessory channels so endodontically what are the importance of accessoricals these are the areas where you have this connection between the indoor and perio leading to endoperiolesions and these are the areas which has to be cleaned properly because your irrigation systems were not well developed to reach these areas and to remove the irritants or the bacterials or the bacterial products in these areas so it's going to be very difficult to treat and the remaining bacteria may cause the reinfection causing poor prognosis so coming to the apical foramens uh the main important thing is ethical foramen size in the case of maxilla 0.4 and the mandible is 0.3 sometimes you have two to three splitted epicol foramens the entire area is called as an apical delta the functions of the pulp the pulp has induction function formatted function nutritive function protective sensory and defensive reparatory and the primary function of the pulp is formation of dentist okay formative function is the primary function of the pulp which helps in the formation of dentin the dentin is formed first followed by you you have that animal the first layer of dentin is formed by the pulp so it is most important step required in the formation of a dentition okay so the next comes is the histological layers of the pulp that is odento plastic layer uh cell free zone of relay and rich zone other names of the rich zone pulp core the central part of this cell cell free zone please do make a note approximately 40 microns thickness it is also called a cell poor zone no cells are present in this and i mean few unmyelinated fibers so that is plexus of course very very close to this and please do make your own presence or absence of the cell free zone depends upon the functional status of the pulp it may be it may not it may not be appear in the case of very end pulp and it may not be appear in the case of very old bulb salary john which is filled with lots of cells that is your fibroblasts are the most common cells followed by the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells which can be differentiated into any type basing upon the stimulus that is given by the pulp okay so these are the first predominant cells and followed by undifferentiated amazing coming so the second predominant cells coming to the fibers fibers you can see elastic fibers surrounded by the vessels and the main function of electric fibers is to is to keep pressure so that the blood is going to move circulate and the next one is the collagen fibers which forms the body of the pulp the type of collagen fibers that represent in the pulp are type 1 and type 3 type 1 is predominant when compared to the type 3 and the ratio of 55 is to 45 so i mean regularly enamel doesn't have no collagen in an enamel type one collagen is present in the painting type ones collagen and type three collagens are present in the case of pdl in every part you have mostly type 1 that is the predominant so uh of course of course this is a question that is given in the examination okay in an endo endo point of view in the last year that is during the pulpotomy procedures the bad brows should be engaged uh in the epical reason because apical one third has more your apical one third has more collagen so compared to the coronal one-third the apical one-third matrix contains more collagen which is fibrous and whitish so you have to keep your brows at the apical one-third and turn it turn it so that the so that the barbs which are present on the browse are going to lock the collagen collagen fibers and the pulp can be removed in one shot so these are the blood pressure values see the pulp where does the pulp stands they can give a sequence based question on this and the basically the pulpal pressure influenced by the vascular tone in the neighbor neighboring tissues because how the neighboring tissues are going to react is how the dynamics of pulp dynamics of blood blood blood variations in the parliament this this is the theory which is going to explain that don't go very deep into the theory but do make a note what is the stealing theory says that stealing theory says the pulp pulpal flow pulpal blood flow is influenced by the vascular tone of the surrounding periodontium or surrounding structures in it and do make a note this makes the pulp more available to the clinical situations when a simple application of matrix band lead to ginger information but could affect the pulpal tissue also but how the pulp is going to save itself is this theory is going to explain and coming to the innovation we have already discussed about this here you have more unmyelinated c fibers which are present at the center you can see c fibers at the center that is core fibers and you can see all the a fibers which are present in the periphery periphery is a fibers and central core is the c fibers and 75 percentages are the c fibers which are unmyelinated slow fibers whereas 25 percenters are myelinated your a delta fibers okay so in the ta fibers the major content of a fibers is going to be a delta that is 90 percent is a delta and very few cases you can see a beta fibers coming to the pulpal calcifications all the pulpal stones which are common occurrence and it is basically is related these types of pulpal calcifications pulpal stones which comes under the dystrophic calcification so please do make a note in a general path your calcifications are important that is your dystrophic calcifications and metastatic calcifications what is the difference between them what is the examples everything were covered in the mock exams if you are not clear just go back and see this is a very very important area so basing upon the structure it can be true pulse stone or a false pulp stone and basing up on the size it may be fine or diffuse and basing up on the location it can be free attached or it can be embedded okay so please do add a note of this line so they can ask you diagram based question so please do watch try to understand histological diagram based questions are common so i don't want you to miss any any any of these and hcrs that is hotfix epithelial root sheet and root formation you hope you are very familiar with this and it contains of inner and outer animal epithelium only you can see this inner and outer enamel epithelium this in the outer part and inner part and spongy bone so spongy bone fills the areas between the cortical plates and the alveolar bone proper and i mean i mean most of this bone marrow have particular types of cells like pluripotent cells which can be differentiated into any type of cells the cancellous component in the mandible is more than in the than in the sorry maxilla is more than in the mandible and if you take the types of i mean radiogram radiographic examinations the analysis is divided into two types that is a type one and type two type one uh type on a regular and horizontal ladder like arrangement and type two are irregular so please do go through with go through this content this content is important lactoferrin being questions are being asked in the lactoferrin already we have learned about the saliva and the components the components of saliva so it's a lactoferrin is a bactericidal it has a bacterial cell effect due to its strong iron binding capacity it removes the iron from the solution and makes it unavailable as an essential bacterial neutron so that is the main reason how the lactoferrin is going to work on coming to the stages of tooth development that is i hope you are very familiar with the stages too please do go back we have given uh two or three questions in in various mock examinations explaining all the content related to the histological diagram based content related to your bell stays cap stays early early well stays advanced bell stays cups and everything so please go with this histological diagrams because 2020 they have asked and their high chances to repeat those examinations and what are the morphological changes and how their physiologically related initiation takes place in the dental lamella whereas proliferation where does it takes place is history differentiation more for differentiation what are the consequences of history differentiation it means you will have the histological defects like i'm allergens is imperfected antennas insane perfect all this comes under histological different defect in histological differentiation morphological differentiation is change in shape your dilaceration everything like they comes in the change in shape and the number of teeth comes problems comes in the initiation so so please do make a note of all these things uh dental lamella okay the activity that total activity of dental amble extends over a period of at least five years so please do make a note of the rest of racist sex determination for the teeth okay the mainly by you have something called as an um a melody amalgam we have already learned a melodogen is a non-emulation seeing that emergency is a major uh matrix protein that is secreted by the amyloblast which has different codings in male and female for example they called xy in female they have two similar similar ones two identical american and genes whereas in the male they have two different atoms so this gene helps in identifying the sex determination in the human beings just by taking the teeth you can identify whether it is a male patient or a female patient so microwave processing these are some advanced histological things which are frequently asked nowadays in the examination so microwave micro micro oven microwave oven processing has been successful and easily accepted in many laboratories and microwave works on the principle of causing uh molecules to rotate rapidly and collide and results in internal heat production simultaneously okay thus i mean if you compare this this is a very very important thing so it requires much lesser time than the conventional methods and the tissue can be sectioned and strained within four to six hours so it's a primary advantage so just go with the underlying stuff and these are these are the few areas where you need to make a note make a note of this underlying stuff okay of course this is the most familiar question ten percent is a formula is the most commonly used uh fixant okay and uh the other important things that you have to make you know extracted teeth are stored in okay regular question most of you get confused with hydrogen peroxide but extracted it should be stored and preserved in ten percent test formula and until they are used okay so xylen free tissue processing and straining just go with this just go with this this is the question once given okay the uses of jalen d it takes place in two minutes and what are the steps in this okay what are the steps in this and everything are very very important so please do go with this we have all we have discussed everything in detail on the groups okay just go with this because you can it's going to take one or two minutes not more than that but they can ask because they if they want to throw a new question in dental hist this is the area of choice to throw new questions because most of our unaware and if you open your basic m6 books that doesn't touch this area yeah i'm done for now signing off dr srikanth from team mds conquer all the best stay positive uh make a note spend one hour one one half hour time with dental histology uh like like you can you can like this this video is going to be half an hour you can spend another one one half hour so two hours two hours is very sufficient time for dentalist and make sure you try to cover the synopsis part of your pv books as well as i mean like hardly like 10 to 15 pages and followed by the synopsis of your dental pulse and yeah that's all all the best bye take it