Complement system

hi I'm good anyone at all so now I'm going to discuss about one of the most complicated system that is complementary system so this video can be used not only in the exam point of view yeah hi everyone so now I'm going to discuss about one of the most important topic in microbiology most of you feel it is a complicated system okay so let's talk about the details in the complementary system so this video is is going to be very useful for all the students particularly the second-year birria students for the university exams and followed by the first year MDS students for their basics example there are few departments in which this question is again a most commonly asked question and of course it is very very important in a need or aims or any of these pzn transport of it so basically the first important aspect that we have to know about this is what is the use of this okay what is the use so regularly a body's contains this complimentary system in an inactive form and this complementary system will get activated whenever an antigen that is entering into the body for example there is an infection so there will be an entrance of this antigen into the body so it's going to react with antibody so this antigen-antibody reaction gives rise to the formation of antigen-antibody complex so to protect the body from the infection this complementary system is going to come and add and it's going to lyse the antigen that is that has already entered into the body okay so this is what the basic idea of complement system means you eye everyone has complement system so when it's going to ACTU means whenever an antigen that entered into the body this system is going to get activated okay so what happens so what happens in this is is very simple and coming to the activation of this complement system okay there are three complement systems according to the textbook the first one is called as classical the second one is alternative and the next one that is the last one is lectin pathway so we have three pathways of complement system one is classical second one is alternative and third one is LinkedIn mediated pathways so what is the advantage of classical why it is called as classical means because it is first identified I think the classical is the one which is first identified and it is more recently with lots of modifications lots of modifications are done in the classic pathway and the classic pathway is mainly concerned with specific active immunity whereas your alternate and lectin mediated are more primitive ones means mold old ones no modifications were done and most of these are dealing with nonspecific initate immunities so your classic is mainly concerned with specific active immunity whereas your lectin and alternative are mainly concerned with a nonspecific initate immunity so this is what first basics that you have to learn about the classic alternative and the letter so the next one is what is classic so this presentation was made as simple as possible first to understand the basics okay then you can go for the deeper levels if it is required okay so first is classic what classic seems to be very cool okay so classic is mainly concerned with the most commonly asked question is classic complement system pathway is mainly concerned with which other immunoglobulins okay the answer is IgG and IgM you can remember it as GM okay my my code for this is general manager is classic so classic system is mainly concerned with IgG and IgM out of these two the most important one is IgM if you have both the options go for ICM as the better option IgM is more oriented to the classic both as well as IgG and Isaiah are mainly concerned if you want you can add two important MC cues or two important points here IgM is the largest largest among all the immunoglobulins and IgG is the it occupies the maximum concentration in the list of immunoglobulins at maximum is IG G and size is larger and IgM so both this IgG IgM that is general manager is classic are mainly concerned with the classic complementary system pathway so what happens in the classic complement system pathway is already discussed for a complement system to get activated there should be someone should enter into the body that someone is called as antigen so antigen once enters into the body our body will produce antibodies so antigen antibody leads to the formation of antigen-antibody complex so body has is ready with the antigen antibody conflicts so antigen-antibody complex is going to converts evil okay convert c12 activated Sivan scientist and antibody complex has converted c12 activated Siva so activated Siwon is going to add to c4 whenever the c4 is activated c4 is going to split into C for a and c4 be okay C for a and C for B in which the c4a a far away simply to remember a far away it goes away C for a it goes away and the c-4 B is moving to the next level to get activation of C two eigen C 2 is going to split into C to a and C to B okay where this c4 b c 4b is going to combine with c to a okay it's going to combine with C to a and it forms c4 B and C to a complex you can call it simple as a binary complex because it has two molecules in it so this C for a this C for a is going to activate C 3 again C 3 is going to split into c3a and c3b hope you are clear with the classical one classical one is mainly concerned with IgA sorry IgG and IgM mainly concerned with IgM whenever the antigen antibody enters it reacts to form a complex which is going to activate c1 c1 is going to activate c4 c4 is going to split it into a and B a goes away whereas B is going to activate C 2 and C 2 is going to split into C 2 AC to be therefore c4 B and C to a combines to form a complex called as a binary complex which is going to activate the Sebring okay the main purpose of the classical one is to activate seated so the second one we are done with a first one so we are going with the second one the second one is alternate the second one is alternate pathway so in this alternate pathway the activation is mainly done by the either endotoxin so endotoxin is going to help in the activation or your IG okay so either endotoxin or Isaiah because we have already discussed that classical is mainly concerned with IGM and igg whereas your alternate is mainly concerned with immunoglobin IgA or the endotoxin so this endotoxin is going to activate your c3 and the factor B so it's going to activate c3 and factor B so once this endotoxin IgA are going to activate these two components these two components has already said they are going to split factor B is going to split into factor B a and factor B B similarly C 3 is going to split into c3a and c3b so what's going to happen so the molecules c3b and factor B B they combine to form a binary molecule called as C 3 b and b b so this C 3 B and BB leads to the breakage of c3 because the ultimate goal of any complement system any type of complement system lead to the breakdown of c3 we have already discussed the classical one then product of the classical one is the breakdown of cedar the end product of alternate is also the breakdown of c3 so the next one is the third one what is the third one so we have already discussed the classical we have discussed the alternate pathway and the third one is LinkedIn mediated or LinkedIn pasta okay so what is this a one-point about you need to learn about one point related to the lectin pathway lectin is the one that's going to activate the complement system binding to Manos residuals okay there binds to Manos procedures these Manos residuals will present on the surface of bacteria so whenever the bacteria enters it's going to detect that manners residuals which are present on the surface of the the bacterial cell wall and this is going to come into action so that's the reason why it is called as MB liquid so it is called as MB liquid so this MB lectin is going to bind to the bacterial cell surface so you have your bacteria the bacteria has the cell surface on the cell surface you're going to have this manners residuals so this MB lectin is going to bond or attach to the manners residuals which are present on the surface of bacteria if you want you can write down the names of these bacteria that is the bacteria Salmonella typhi na Syria Listeria Cryptococcus and you can add a note about the fungus also that is canidius okay so all these they contain this manners residuals on the surface so whenever these going to come into action the am BL is going to activate so once this activation is done this MBL is going to lead to the activation of a specific protein okay there are a few specific proteases like ma SP one and two which are present in the body so these are going to get activated these are specific proteases so this is in turn going to activate the Siva this is already discussed the c1 is going to activate in the classical system the first one similar to that the c1 is going to get activated once c1 is going to get activated similar like your classical one the c1 is going to activate c4 which is going to release into the sea for a and C for B the c-4 is going to activate the next one that is C to the C 2 is going to activate the C 2 a and C 2 B so overall there will be formation of one binary complex that is c4 B 2 a which leads to the breakdown of C 3 the target of us is breakdown of C 3 so the first classical system the target is breakdown of C 3 alternate system the target is breakdown of C 3 and last one is the lectin pathway even the end product of lectin pathway is the breakdown of C 3 so now we are going to learn the common complement system means this is common for everything what we have learned is the difference between 1 2 & 3 but now it is combined means all the classical one the alternate one and lectin one then product of all is C 3 C 3 C 3 now we have C 3 in all this so we are going to learn what is going to happen to see three so we are with an end product of C 3 or activation of C 3 or breakdown or C 3 and C 3 is going to break into c3a and c3b so we got the end product the end product is leading to the breakdown of c3a and c3b so c3b a goes away simply to remember you can remember a will go up in so the next one is the c3 B is going to activate the breakdown of c5 so similarly the sefa is going to break into C Phi a and C Phi B so as already discussed a goes away so what is the job of C Phi B C Phi B is going to activate C Phi B is going to call all the friends okay so until now the c1 has activated c4 c4 has activated c2 c2 has activated c3 c3 has activated c5 so they have discussed all the complement components as discussed yeah we are getting bored one activating other other activating other so the time is running off so c5 let's call everyone okay so see if I has called everyone whoever are there whoever are involved to help the body please do come so the c5 now has called c6 called c7 called c8 and called c9 okay all these people that combine to form a beautiful complex called as it is called as c5 b 9 complex okay this is called as c5 b 9 complex or you can simply write down it as c5 b 6 7 8 9 complex so this complex is given a beautiful terminology called as ma si MEAC is nothing but memory n attack complex so what do you have so you have your antigen now the complement system has given MSE so a Macy's memory and attack complex so it's going to convert the antigen into something like this it's going to split or it's going to break the membrane and finally this MEAC is going to help in lysis so this is what basically the complement system okay so you have classical which is mediated by IgG sorry IgG IgM an alternate which is mediated by IgA and endotoxins and the last one is leaking mediated the target of all these three complement system is origin of c3 so what c3 is going to do c3 is going to activate c5 c phi is going to call all the friends and form a complex the complex is called as MEAC complex MHC complex leads to the breakdown of antigen that is the lysis of antigen ok so this is what the complement system is all about ok so what happens like we have so many proteins that we have discussed in the complement system that is the C 1 C 2 C 4 C 5 C 3 6 7 CH c 9 and everything so these are called as complement proteins proteins which helps in the sequence of occurrence of the complement system so there is something like there few diseases which are caused due to the deficiency of the proteins so it's better we split the proteins first of all before we are talking about the deficiencies it's better we split the proteins we speed the proteins into early proteins mid proteins late protease early proteins are the first one what are they c1 activated c2 c4 the mid protein is the goal of all the complement system is to activate the c3 and the last one is the late proteins are c5 c6 c7 and c8 clear so what is going to happen if there is a deficiency of early proteins so whenever there is a deficiency of early proteins these early proteins are nothing but C 1 C 2 and C 4 there will be high chances of occurrence of autoimmune diseases so there is high chances of occurrence of autoimmune diseases and the best example is SLE many autoimmune diseases are mainly concerned with the activation or the deficiency of the we produce that is c1 c2 and c4 so next one is the mid proteins so whenever there is a deficiency of mid protein the mid protein is nothing but C 3 so whenever there is a deficiency of mid protein there is high chances of occurrence of a bacterial acute bacterial infections or pyogenic infections okay the next one is the deficiency of the late proteins what are these late proteins the late proteins up 5 6 7 8 yes of course 9 also right so whenever there is a deficiency of recurrence of late proteins and most commonly it may lead to the infections of gram-negative bacteria mostly gram-negative diplococcus and it may cause an infection with toxoplasmosis okay right so these are the mainly concerned whenever you have a deficiency of any of any of these for example C is v is activated v is going to call 6 7 8 and 9 so when you calling the left over people few of you may be option like for example 6 may be absent 6 may not be interested or 7 may not be interested ok 6 may not be interested or 7 may not be interested alright may not be interested or 9 may not be interested even if one of these complement system is absent for example if there is an absence of C 9 part c 8 only c 9 or only see it even then there is no problem because the rest of the people can form the complex and this complex is going to act as an AC and this M AC is going to break or lead to the lysis of your particular antigen that has entered I hope you are clear I'm just going to recap it again and again you need to practice this again and again okay so we are clear with the classical one the classical one is basically is associated with GM general manager and mainly concerned with M the goal is to activate C 3 and the alternate okay so the alternate one starts with a neurotoxin and IGA so endotoxin and IgA are going to activate or activate the c3 and factor B so form a binary complex which is going to lead to the breakdown of c3 and the last one pathways lectin pathway which is mainly concerned with MB Lipton so it's going to bind onto the surface of few bacteria and it's going to activate mas p1 and p2 further it's going to activate c1 c1 is going to activate c4 c4 is going to activate see to see through lead to the breakdown of c3 so you got c3 in all the systems that is classical alternate and lick them so c3 is going to break down into C 3 a B it's going to activate C Phi C Phi is going to call all the friends and form Mac so Mac is going to cause the lysis and your proteins are divided into three types early mid and late early autoimmune diseases mid bacterial or pyogenic infections late is gram-negative bacteria toxoplasmosis even if there is a deficiency of any of these late late okay that is the end end part like 7c 9 or c8 there is no problem the rest of the people are going to form this MEAC and that mes is going to break the protein so they break this antigen and chords the lysis is done for now all the best study well guys signing off dr. Shrikant from