Apoptosis mechanism

hi Venus and back here to explain the detail details of happiness I'm back here to explain the concept of this epic process completely in examination point of view how to handle the questions how to go the right answer with most of the questions and everything okay so coming to this process okay we have already learned the basics and everything related to this I'll be focusing more on the flow chart so it occurs by two ways one is one is the intrinsic pathway and the second one is the extrinsic path so intrinsic pathway means simply it should be inside the cell okay so intrinsic pathway is basically in your mitochondria intrinsic pathway starts inside the mitochondria because it is inside the cell whereas your extrinsic pathway is going to start this is a normal cell in the cell receptors cell membrane receptors you can call it as death receptor sometimes it's called as death receptor pathway that is outside the cell inside the cell mitochondria intrinsic pathway outside the cell that is death receptor pathway extrinsic okay so what happens inside the cell okay inside the cell like during the process of this type of ptosis inside the cell there will be lysis of mitochondria or you can simply call it as increasing in the permeability rather than lysis word it is better to add increasing in the permeability of mitochondria so whenever there is increasing in the probability of mitochondria as we know that there is something called as cytochrome C which is present in the mitochondria is now released into the cytoplasm so cytochrome C which is present in the mitochondria is now released in the cytoplasm so this cytochrome C which is present in the mitochondria releasing into the cytoplasm is going to react with few genes that is a PF one okay so this is going to react with the cytochrome C that is now the cytochrome C is called as cytoplasmic cytochrome C okay is going to react with this and it's going to activate it's going to activate cap says nine it's going to activate the cap says so and this nine is the one which is going to take the restore process but it's going to activate the C okay so or the protein that is the protein that is present in mitochondria which is cytochrome C is now going to leak out and it is going to come into the cytoplasm this released protein cytoplasm see now is going to bind with ap a F a PA a factor that is nothing but apoptosis activating factor okay so total me this combination is called as a pop the pasta so okay this combination is called as a pop Toso which is going to activate this caps s name so I from this this is one mode of activating capsules by cytochrome Sims apart from this there is other mode of occurrence of the activation of caps a snipe that is there is something called as because I have seen questions on this area so that there's a reason why I'm stressing a lot so there is something called as SMAC which is also called as d I a BL want to blow okay so this is other other protein okay other mitochondrial protein that is going to leach out so apart from cytochrome C the second modality is even this protein will leech out and it leach out and it inhibits anti-apoptotic IPS okay this factor which is going to come into the cytoplasm and it's going to stop or it's going to inhibit IEP this IEP is nothing but this is nothing but physiological inhibitor of apoptosis so it's going to stop it's going to stop the inhibitor of apoptosis by which it's going to activate the capsid s9 okay so this is what the intrinsic pathway is okay this is what the intrinsic pathway okay i'm repeating you again so intrinsic means inside the mitochondria so during this process mitochondria permeability increases one factor which is going to come out from mitochondrial cytochrome C cytochrome C is going to bond with APA f1 that is apoptosis activating factor fun to form a popular song this apoptosome is going to initiate caps s9 so the second modality is there is other protein called as SMAC or Taplow which is going to leak out from mitochondria and this leak out is going to activate or inhibit the inhibiting factors by which activating the caps s9 so cap says nine is the end product of extrinsic pathway of apoptosis the next comes is the sorry we are talking about the interns a pathway that is inside the mind inside the cell that is mitochondria so next one is the extrinsic pathway extrinsic pathway as already said it is outside and it is basically associated with a dead receptor which is present on the cell membrane that is death receptor pathway okay so death receptor pathway so what what happens with the death receptor pathway so death receptor pathway is basically is mainly concerned with transmembrane protein okay it is mainly concerned with the transmembrane protein which is called as F a s okay this transmembrane protein is coded on CD 95 receptor a fierce is a transmembrane protein is basically so to ligate this to ligate this there is something called as f SL alpha like it or you can simply remember it as L for love means to create a bond okay alpha like it right so both these both this FAS and F ASL they combined together okay they combine together to activate the capsizes okay to activate the the capsizes so what capsules are regularly activated by extrinsic pathway are capsules eight and particularly in humans it's going to be okay eight and ten are mainly concerned with extrinsic pathway whereas nine is mainly concerned with the intrinsic pathway the clear intrinsic is nine extrinsic is eight and so so end product is activation of nine here activation of eight and ten here so both these okay factors which are going to further further activate further activate three and six until now okay factor nine is from mitochondria sorry capsules nine is from mitochondria and capsules eight and ten the cell that is extrinsic pathway so both are they're going to activate three and six so this three and six is going to activate the endonucleases and endonucleases causes the damage so this is a rough flowchart so apart from this particular flow chart they are other few things that you have to make a note okay always there there there will be some people who will be supporting you if you're doing if you're doing something like if you're doing preparation few people will support you and few people will oppose you further cell to go with this process of apoptosis you have something called as a pop-top genes another one are active for this and genes so they will ask your question which of the following is an tape approach in which of the following you have to remember particularly auntie are more important that is bcl-2 okay most of your questions will move around PCL group of our cousins basically what what is this bcl called as BC BC L is nothing but it is first detected on the B lymphocyte it is detected on the b tselem for send okay that is b-cell lymphomas it is called as bcl-2 or bcl-2 family group okay so apart from the bcl-2 there is something called as MCL what few people call it as MC and one it is also the most common gene that is associated with the drug resistance to the chemotherapy this is the most common gene that is associated with the drug resistance in the chemo chemotherapy okay so apart from this the third gene that you have to make a notice bcl-xl okay few people they call it as BCL x okay few people they call it as bcl-xl okay so these are the four genes that you have to and most of your questions will move around this for genes the next one is a pop TOEIC chains okay so what are they okay so coming to this there is something called as BH group few people call it as BH 3 group a few people call it as pH group so the BH group proteins proteins are called as stress sensors okay they are called as stress sensors whenever the whenever whenever the whenever there is stress or diversion to the cell they get activated so they are called as stress sensors sensors and most of these are named as beam big bad Puma knocks ah okay all these are examples of this BH 3 or BH group of rock regimes so most of your questions will move around this area so apart from this it is better if you make a note about other genes that is b CL s X and BAC and bak and p53 okay so these are the there's a bit of controversy regarding this in few areas but most of your questions can be handled by these two these examples are very very important ok so make a note about these examples they're going to ask all of the following belongs to appropriate genes accept all these are regularly asked questions I'm just going to have a quick recap so this is basically extrinsic and intrinsic intrinsic means inside the cell that is mitochondria permeability increases cytochrome C is released cytochrome C is going to react with APA f1 to form apoptosis or which is going to activate capsaicin and this is one method other method is cytochrome mitochondrial permeability increases SMC and dabbler going to release they're going to inhibit the inhibiting protein by which they are going to activate capsaicin and so ultimate goal of intrinsic inside pathways activation of not coming to external SiC pathway which is present the external surface that is called as death receptor pathway so basically FS is the transmembrane chain which is rotated on CD 95 and this is going to react with the ligate to form a complex this complex is going to activate 8 and 10 and specifically in humans okay so 8 and 10 are going to be the end product of the extrinsic pathway 9 is the end product of intrinsic pathway both are going to activate the next level that is 3 and 6 capsizes so 3 and 6 capsizes are going to activate endonucleases endonucleases are going to damage the cell this is what the process of apoptosis is so next one just want to add it add what that is what is the meaning of capsules this is one recently asked ok capsules are a series of proteolytic or protein splitting engines in a series of protein split in you house 3 you have 6 you have 7 you have 9 8 and all these are thereby mainly concerned with 9 in the intrinsic 8 and 10 in the extrinsic and further going to activate 3 & 6 so there are series of protein splitting enzymes and if you break the word capsules okay C stands for system so C stands for system protein s c stands for system protein s ASP stands for aspartic acid and the last one is a stands for enzymes just make a note of this because C was given as a question in one of the examinations apart from this just to please do make a note of water antigens what are normal genes and the examples are important because they are regularly asking in this area I think this is more than sufficient for a from from a dental student point of view okay my stall will try to solve secures in rapid fire in the evening session