ANATOMY & EMBROLOGY OF TONGUE

hi everyone this is dr. Marjorie from Team MDS conquer so in this video I'm going to discuss about the embryology part of the time and also the anatomy of the tunnel as all of us know that first impression will be the best impression to good scoring the examination you have to start your answers with the contents okay and this content should include the interaction starting from the interaction part to the references which are given in the last of your answer so going into the subject now as of all all of us know this tongue is a muscular organ which is situated in the floor of the mouth and in the Latin it is it means it is Linea whereas in Greek it means their tongue means the glossa so coming to the development of the time this development of the tongue starts from the 4th to 8th week of in dried rhyme life and this development can be summarized into two stages whereas in the first stage you can see here all the two sides of pharyngeal arches will combine in the midline to form the floor of the primitive pharynx so this is the stage one whereas if you take the stage two here you can see the tori spelling's those are calls in lingual swellings and their structure called as a tuberculoma empath so these three structures are formed in relation to the first arch and there is an another structure called as a hypo climb near eminence which is formed in relation to the medial parts of the third arch and therefore that and you can see here that the fifth ass has been disappeared so these two stages are the important stages for the formation of the tongue this whole slide represents the origin of the tongue here so these are the two swellings that is they are called as a lingual swellings and these two spellings are developed from the medial most part of the mandibular arches and this medial most part of the mind our cell proliferate and you rise to this lingual swellings and there is an another structure called as a tuber killer in Pontus tubercular impart will separate these two lingual swellings and you can see here one word depression is present behind this or below the tuberculin in parts this is nothing but the epithelium between proliferate and first form the thyroglossal duct and this thyroglossal duct well form into a depression called as a foramen cecum and this foramen sneak comes or the thyroglossal duct gives rise to the thyroid gland and if you take the other two swellings which are present in the medial part they are called as cranial part and cordon part of the hypo bronchial eminence and this hypo granule eminence has this two parts like cranial part and coral part from this coral part epiglottis is developed whereas the cranial part is involved in the formation of that time so actually this further development this tang is grouped into three parts that is anterior 2/3 of the tongue posterior one-third of the tongue and the posterior most of the time so we will study the development of the tongue in these three parts if you take the anterior 2/3 of the tongue it is developed from the fusion of two tuber lingual swellings and when the tuber coming in part so these three will fuse and form the anterior 2/3 of the tongue whereas if you take the posterior one-third of the tongue it is developed from the cranial part of the hypo granule eminence and if you take the posterior most part of the tongue it is developed from the fourth arch so this anterior 2/3 is developed from the mind blur arch whereas posterior one-third of the tongue is developed from the third arts this is first arch whereas posterior most is developed from the fourth ash so here the second arch is missing right so this second arc you can see in this picture the second art is buried under the third arts hence it is not involved in the formation of the tongue the first ads but anterior 2/3 third arts posterior one-third and the fourth and posterior most part of the time is formed and remember one thing in representing the answer should be in the diagrammatic way or the flowchart way so that it will fetch you more marks an exam so this table is the summary of the components so you can see here this all the summary where which is first hatched from the anterior 2/3 third acts posterior one-third and fourth arch posterior most and occipital microns news rise to the muscle and these are the nerve supply we will go we'll see in the next slides coming to the anatomy of the tongue this tongue actually has the three parts okay the this root body and tip whereas two surfaces that is dorsal surface in the ventral surface if you take the ventral surface it is confined only to the oral cavity whereas this dorsal surface will have the oral cavity part that is called as oral part and the other part is called as a pharyngeal part so in this diagram you can see this root of the tongue it this is the root of the tongue which is attached to the mandible and the hyoid bone so this tongue is attached to the mandible and the hyoid bone and the superior surface that is anterior 2/3 of the tongue you can see here it is in a horizontal direction whereas the posterior part of the posterior one-third or the pharyngeal part is oriented in a vertical plane see the server it is oriented in a vertical plane and there is a structure called a sulcus terminalis which is present or which it will separate the pharyngeal part from the basal I mean far apart in the oral part and there is an other structured kalus foramen secom where you can see here it is the I mean it will present at the apex of the sulcus terminalis coming to the histology part this is Japan will be of like dealing with all the papillae of the time so papillae of the tongue if you take there are four types of popular filiform Fani from violet and the phony eight popular for us the popular you have to write in headings like a shape of the papilla first you have to read shape of the popular location of the popula and whether the taste birds present or absent so if you take the shape of this filiform papillae Vizsla conical shape and the location mostly they are scattered over all over the tongue and tastebuds are absent in this field for partly whereas if you take the fungiform papillae it is a dome-shaped or a mushroom-shaped tastebuds are present and here and this for fungiform papillae moves he had presented that i mean at the apex of the tongue then you take the foliate papillae or sorry valid papillae this valid papillae are also blunt the cylindrical shape and this are present in front of this sulcus terminalis are the foramen cecum and takes better present in this palette family and the last is the foliate papillae and this foliate papillae will present in the linear for like structures which are presented in front of the palate or gloss synthesis the Pareto claw slash they're present in credit of this pellet or glass slots on the sides of that time so this is a papillae of the tongue coming to the masses of the tongue so this muscles of the tongue can be deal with two things two types that is there are a entrancing puzzles of the time and also the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and if the any muscle for any muscle you have to write the insertion of the muzzle origin of the muscle and the function of them as we have to group your answer into these three headings so if you take the intrinsic masses their superior longitudinal inferior longitudinal transverse muscles and the vertical muscles coming to the superior longitudinal muscle is the superior this is a superior longitudinal muscle where this is from the origin is from the back of the tongue and if take the insertion of the tongue it will insert into the margins of the tongue okay then function is this it shortens the tongue and it also curse the epics and sides of the tongue then coming to the inferior longitudinal muscle this inferior longitudinal muscle is origin originated from the root of the tongue and also from the some part from the hyoid bone and if you take the function it will shortens the tongue it is uncle suffix whereas if you take the superior longitudinal it will curls whereas it Unger's inferior wrong didn't will uncurls the apex of the tongue coming to the transverse muscle this transverse muscle if you take it is originated from the medium septum this is the medium septum of the tongue and it inserts into the later modules these are the natural margins okay these insert into the lateral margins of the tongue function is if narrows and elongate the tongue coming to the vertical muscle this vertical muscle it is originated from the dorsum of the tongue and insertion into the ventral part of the tongue this mental part and function is it will flattens the tongue and also while dense the tongue so those are the intrinsic muscles coming to the extrinsic muscles of the tongue these are like genial glasses high-gloss stylo glosses and palliative losses and these are the functions of the extrinsic muscles that is protrudes their tongue retracts the tongue depresses the tongue and also any waves at none so coming to the genome losses this genie of glosses this is the genial glosses muscle it will originate in the superior mental spine and inserts into the body of the hyoid bone but if you take the function it will help in the protrude of the tongue that is anterior part and depresses the central part of the song so though it helps in both protrusion and the depression then coming to the hypoglossal muscle this hypo crosses muscle will originate from the greater horns of the hyoid bone and again it inserts into the laterals this is the lateral surfaces of the and function is it will depresses that pan then stylo crosses stylo closest muscle will originate from the styloid process and again it inserts into the lateral parts of the tongue it will elevate and retract the tongue and it can pull the pull back the tongue superiorly also coming to the Perito process muzzle this Pareto gloss is muscle origins from the here this is peloton aponeurosis whereas again it inserts into the later parts of path remember all these muscles of the tongue or paired muscles it is two one pair trick all these muscles are tied and the function is it will elevates the tongue and depresses the soft palate coming to the vascular supply of the tongue it can be by these arteries that is lingual artery you can see this lingual artery is the main artery which is divided into the dorsal lingual arteries which is supplied to the dorsal part of the tongue and also the sublingual artery which will supply the lingual part and also the submandibular gland and also a deep lingual artery can be seen which will see in at the base of the tongue and the tip of the tongue so lingual artery sublingual arteries dorsal lingual artery sublingual artists and deep lingual arteries can supply the if you take the veins there is a dorsal lingual vein which drains from the dorsum and also the sides of the tongue whereas deep lingual veins will drain at tip of the tongue and join the sublingual veins from the sub's lingual salivary gland whereas all these veins will terminate finally into the internal jugular vein so the venous drainage of the tongue then if you see the link lymphatic drainage anterior part of the tongue or the tip of the tongue into the submental lymph nodes anterior two-thirds of the tongue into the submandibular lymph nodes posterior one-third of the tongue into the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes and the posterior most part the tongue into the superior deep cervical image and remember this lymphatic drainage is very important because even in a carcinoma of the tongue even the contralateral lymph nodes can also be palpable if it is affected on the right side then even the left side that lymph node test can also be palpable in this in this lymphatic drainage of the time so this is the nerve supply of the time which is given on a import table so the taste anterior 2/3 with the chorda tympani posterior one-third glossopharyngeal and posterior most is Vegas if you take the sensory part it is lingual part of trigeminal now then posterior one-third is the glossopharyngeal now and posterior most part of the tongue will be the vagus nerve and mota thing is with this is very important mirror on extrinsic and intrinsic muscle except to the palate or glasses muscle can be supplied by the hypoglossal nerve whereas this palate or Lawson is supplied by the cranial root of the SS arena so this is the thing regarding no supply so coming to the applied aspects remember any answer which you are going to answer the basic part should end with the applied aspect which is important in the speech examination so all this Anatomy or embryology or physiology or biochemistry histology or anything any subject basic subject should end with the applied aspects so here have mentioned few applied aspect first you can write first you can write how to you examination of the tongue then you can Romanian few tongue disorders and you can mention what will happen if there is injury to the hypoglossal now you can write there will be of paralysis of the tongue and the tongue is deviated toward paralysis side and the paralysis of the geno glosses muscle which will lead to the abstraction of the airway and why we'll give few drugs in the sublingual way right so why these drugs are important in the sublingual way because they will have a more faster way of penetration because of this all this lineal vascular vascularity and you can write about the or pain and the pain which is before from their tongue out from the other part and you can include the time in the taste pathway also because of this taste but and you can write few special investigation procedures like how the tongue is investigated you can write you can mention the radiological procedures like MRI ultrasound or CT and you can also mention few other in special investigations like cinematography and simi radiographic stay studies and also the electromyography study because as a tongue is a muscle where it can be started by the electromyography also so you can include few applied aspects at the end of your answer which will fight which will increase your score so at the end you have to mention the references that that is starting with the basic references like your text to books and you can include a one important article which is you which you have been used in your this thing applied aspects or anything you can include the one reference one article at the end and but you mentioned all these important thing is you have to include all the basic text books like anatomy embryology part and medicine part and the last thing is you have to include one important article which you have been used so thank you everyone this is the important nodes or something about the tongue i'm important tips where you can fetch increase which will increase your the score in your examination thank you everyone stay happy i'm lower learning with MDS 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