32 SERIES (VIDEO NO 29)

hello everyone this is dr. omnium from team MDS conquer in this 32 series we are going to discuss 32 important points regarding extremis point number one x-ray tube consists of cathode and anode in a evacuated tube point number 2 cathode consists of a filament and a focusing cup in which filament is said to be source of electrons and it lies in the focusing Cup point number 3 this filament is made up of tungsten which is 2mm in diameter and 1 centimeter or less in length point number 4 there is one person thorium in the filament which results in increase in the release of protons point number 5 focusing cup is negatively charged concave reflector and is made up of molybdenum point number 6 the x-ray tube is evacuated to prevent collision of fast-moving electrons with gas molecules and oxidation of the filament number 7 anode consists of a tungsten target embedded in a copper stem number 8 this tungsten target converts the kinetic energy of colliding electrons into x-ray photons now let's see some characteristics of tungsten the atomic number is 74 and is most efficient in producing x-rays the melting point of tungsten is three thousand four hundred and twenty two degrees Celsius and it helps in withstanding the heat generated at a node number twelve it has high thermal conductivity of 173 watts and readily dissipates heat into copper stem number thirteen tungsten has low vapor pressure and at high temperatures it helps to maintain the vacuum in the tube number fourteen copper is a good thermal conductor and it helps to remove the heat from tungsten and reduces the risk of target melting number fifteen focal spot is the area on the target on which focusing Cup directs electrons number sixteen as focal spot decreases in size it results in increasing sharpness of the image and heat generated per target area also increases number 17 the size of effective focal spot is 1 mm into 1 mm the size of actual focal spot is 1mm into 3mm number 19 when the target is inclined about 20 degrees to the central x-ray then it causes effective focal spot number 20 rotating a node helps to dissipate heat from small so-called spot number 21 stationery anodes are used in intraoral x-ray machines number 22 rotating anodes are used in occasionally in Sofia metric units usually in cone beam units and always used in medical computed tomography number 23 filament transformer helps to reduce voltage of incoming AC to 10 volts number 24 flow of electrons to the cube from cathode to anode is known as cube current number 25 the actual voltage used on explanation is adjusted with autotransformer number 26 high voltage transformer increases incoming current of 110 volts up to 60 to 120 kilos number 27 voltage of intraoral machines OPG SEF Loma technicians East from 60 to 90 kv P whereas old age of cone beam the computed tomographic machines is from 90 to 120 kv p number 29 he build up at anode is measured in heat units number 30 heat storage capacity for anodes of the Intel diagnostic tubes is 20 K H number 31 frequency with which successive exposures can be made without overheating a node a node is known as duty cycle number 32 typical duty cycle is 1 is to 6 key that is 0.25 second exposure for every 15 seconds guys all the points discussed here are very important from neat a names point of view so start preparing notes from these points and be well-prepared for the exam all the best thank you